Cationic lipid

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula (Ia) as a novel cationic lipid that forms a lipid particle and also provides a lipid particle comprising the compound. The present invention further provides a nucleic acid lipid particle containing the lipid particle, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the nucleic acid lipid particle as an active ingredient.

This application is continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/903,711, filed Jan. 8, 2016, entitled “Cationic Lipid,” which is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/JP2014/068002, filed Jul. 7, 2014, entitled “Novel Lipid,” which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-142677, filed Jul. 8, 2013.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a novel cationic lipid, a novel cationic lipid that forms a lipid particle, a lipid particle comprising the cationic lipid, a nucleic acid lipid particle comprising the lipid particle together with a nucleic acid, a pharmaceutical composition containing the nucleic acid lipid particle as an active ingredient, and a treatment method using the pharmaceutical composition.

BACKGROUND ART

Methods for inhibiting the expression of a target gene in cells, tissues, or individuals include an approach in which double-stranded RNA is introduced into the cells, tissues, or individuals. By this introduction of double-stranded RNA, mRNA having homology to the sequence is degraded such that the expression of the target gene is inhibited. This effect is called “RNA interference” or “RNAi”. RNA interference was originally reported in C. elegans (see e.g., Non Patent Reference 1) and then also reported in plants (see e.g., Non Patent Reference 2).

Double-stranded RNA consisting of 21-nucleotide sense and antisense strands having a 2-nucleotide overhang at the 3′-end (small interfering RNA: siRNA) has been reported to have an RNA interference effect in cultured cells of vertebrates (see e.g., Non Patent Reference 3). siRNA is considered to be useful for the identification of gene functions, screening of cell lines suitable for useful substance production, regulation of genes involved in disease, etc., but it is characteristically degraded easily by RNase (see e.g., Non Patent Reference 4).

Since a double-stranded polynucleotide such as siRNA or modified siRNA is a molecule having a molecular weight on the order of 13,000, water solubility, and electric charge, a delivery technique such as a transfection reagent is generally used for allowing the double-stranded polynucleotide to permeate a cell membrane (see e.g., Non Patent Reference 5). Particularly, liposomes are widely used in the delivery of nucleic acid molecules by encapsulating a nucleic acid molecule such as plasmid DNA into a liposome to form a nucleic acid lipid particle (see e.g., Non Patent Reference 6). Also, a liposome containing a cationic lipid has been reported to be able to deliver siRNA into cells by forming a nucleic acid lipid particle through mixing with the siRNA (see e.g., Patent Reference 1). The cationic lipid, however, is a non-biological component. In this respect, a cationic lipid that can be used at a low concentration has been demanded. A dimethylaminovaleric acid derivative (Patent Reference 1), a dimethylaminobutyric acid derivative (Patent Reference 2), a dimethylaminoethylcarbonate derivative (Patent Reference 3), or the like is known as the cationic lipid.

The present inventors have conducted diligent studies to obtain a lipid particle consisting of a cationic lipid that can encapsulate therein a nucleic acid such as a double-stranded polynucleotide (e.g., siRNA), DNA, or an antisense oligonucleotide and can be used at a low concentration. As a result, the present inventors have completed the present invention by finding a novel cationic lipid and further finding a nucleic acid lipid particle comprising the novel cationic lipid that can encapsulate therein a nucleic acid molecule, can be used at a low concentration, and permits a high level of delivery into cells.

CITATION LIST Patent Reference

Patent Reference 1: International Publication No. WO 2012/108397

Patent Reference 2: International Publication No. WO 2012/054365

Patent Reference 3: International Publication No. WO 2010/054405

Non Patent Reference

Non Patent Reference 1: Nature, 1998, Vol. 391, p. 806-811

Non Patent Reference 2: Science, 1999, Vol. 286, p. 950-952

Non Patent Reference 3: Nature, 2001, Vol. 411, p. 494-498

Non Patent Reference 4: Clinical Chemistry, 2002, Vol. 48, p. 1647-1653

Non Patent Reference 5: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2010, Vol. 57, p. 7887-7901

Non Patent Reference 6: Gene Therapy 1999, Vol. 6, p. 271-281

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel cationic lipid that forms a lipid particle.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel cationic lipid that forms a lipid particle in combination with an amphipathic lipid, a sterol, and a lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a lipid particle comprising the cationic lipid.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid lipid particle comprising the lipid particle and further a nucleic acid.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition containing the nucleic acid lipid particle as an active ingredient.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a treatment method using the pharmaceutical composition.

Solution to Problem

Specifically, the present invention provides:

(1) A cationic lipid represented by the general formula (Ia) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof:

-   wherein -   R¹ and R² each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆     alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from     substituent group α, a C₂-C₆ alkenyl group optionally having one or     more substituents selected from substituent group α, a C₂-C₆ alkynyl     group optionally having one or more substituents selected from     substituent group α, or a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl group optionally having     one or more substituents selected from substituent group α, or R¹     and R² form a 3- to 10-membered heterocyclic ring together with the     nitrogen atom bonded thereto, wherein the heterocyclic ring     optionally has one or more substituents selected from substituent     group α and optionally contains one or more atoms selected from a     nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom, in addition to the     nitrogen atom bonded to R¹ and R², as atoms constituting the     heterocyclic ring; -   R⁸ represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₆ alkyl group optionally     having one or more substituents selected from substituent group α; -   or R¹ and R⁸ together represent a group —(CH₂)_(q)—; substituent     group α represents the group consisting of a halogen atom, an oxo     group, a hydroxy group, a sulfanyl group, an amino group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₆ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆ halogenated alkyl group, a C₁-C₆     alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆ alkylsulfanyl group, a C₁-C₆ alkylamino group,     and a C₁-C₇ alkanoyl group; -   L¹ represents a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl group optionally having one or more     substituents selected from substituent group β1, a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl     group optionally having one or more substituents selected from     substituent group β1, a C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl group optionally having one     or more substituents selected from substituent group β1, or a     (C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₁-C₁₀ alkyl) group optionally having one or     more substituents selected from substituent group β1; -   L² represents, independently of L¹, a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl group optionally     having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1,     a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl group optionally having one or more substituents     selected from substituent group β1, a C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl group     optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent     group β1, a (C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₁-C₁₀ alkyl) group optionally     having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1,     a (C₁₀-C₂₄ alkoxy)methyl group optionally having one or more     substituents selected from substituent group β1, a (C₁₀-C₂₄     alkenyl)oxymethyl group optionally having one or more substituents     selected from substituent group β1, a (C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl)oxymethyl     group optionally having one or more substituents selected from     substituent group β1, or a (C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₁-C₁₀     alkoxy)methyl group optionally having one or more substituents     selected from substituent group β1; -   substituent group β1 represents the group consisting of a halogen     atom, an oxo group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₆ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆     halogenated alkyl group, a C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆ alkylsulfanyl     group, a C₁-C₇ alkanoyl group, a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group, a C₃-C₇     alkoxyalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₆ alkoxy)carbonyl group, a (C₁-C₆     alkoxy)carboxyl group, a (C₁-C₆ alkoxy)carbamoyl group, and a (C₁-C₆     alkylamino)carboxyl group; -   Q represents a group represented by the following formula (II):

-   when L¹ and L² each have one or more substituents selected from     substituent group β1 and substituent group β1 is a C₁-C₆ alkyl     group, a C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆ alkylsulfanyl group, a C₁-C₇     alkanoyl group, or a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group, the substituent(s)     selected from substituent group β1 in L¹ and the substituent(s)     selected from substituent group β1 in L² optionally bind to each     other to form a cyclic structure; -   k represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7; -   m represents 0 or 1; -   p represents 0, 1, or 2; -   q represents 1, 2, 3, or 4; and -   r represents 0, 1, 2, or 3, -   provided that p+r is 2 or larger, or q+r is 2 or larger;

(2) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ and R² are each independently a C₁-C₆ alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group α;

(3) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ and R² are each independently a C₁-C₃ alkyl group;

(4) The cationic lipid according to claim 2 (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein both R¹ and R² are methyl groups;

(5) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ and R² form azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, azepane, dihydropyrrole, dihydropyridine, tetrahydropyridine, piperazine, morpholine, dihydrooxazole, or dihydrothiazole optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group α, together with the nitrogen atom bonded thereto;

(6) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ and R² form azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, or morpholine optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group α, together with the nitrogen atom bonded thereto;

(7) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ and R² form azetidine, pyrrolidine, or morpholine together with the nitrogen atom bonded thereto;

(8) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ and R⁸ together represent a group —(CH₂)_(q)—; p+q is 2, 3, or 4; and R² is a C₁-C₃ alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group α;

(9) The cationic lipid according to (8) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is a C₁-C₃ alkyl group;

(10) The cationic lipid according to (8) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is a methyl group;

(11) The cationic lipid according to any one of (1) to (10) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L¹ is a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1, a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1, or a (C₁-C₄ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₄-C₉ alkyl) group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1; and k is 1, 2, or 3;

(12) The cationic lipid according to any one of (1) to (10) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L¹ is a heptadecenyl group, an octadecenyl group, a nonadecenyl group, a heptadecadienyl group, an octadecadienyl group, a nonadecadienyl group, a heptadecatrienyl group, an octadecatrienyl group, or a nonadecatrienyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1;

(13) The cationic lipid according to any one of (1) to (10) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L¹ is a (R)-11-acetyloxy-cis-8-heptadecenyl group, a (R)-11-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-cis-8-heptadecenyl group, a cis-9-octadecenyl group (oleyl group), a cis-8,11-heptadecadienyl group, a cis-9,12-octadecadienyl group (linoleyl group), a cis-10,13-nonadecadienyl group, or a cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienyl group (linolenyl group);

(14) The cationic lipid according to any one of (1) to (13) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L² is a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1, a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1, a (C₁-C₄ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₄-C₉ alkyl) group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1, a (C₁₀-C₁₉ alkoxy)methyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1, a (C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl)oxymethyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1, or a (C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy)methyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1; and k is 1, 2, or 3;

(15) The cationic lipid according to any one of (1) to (13) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L² is a decyl group, a decenyl group, an undecyl group, an undecenyl group, a dodecyl group, a dodecenyl group, a decadienyl group, an undecadienyl group, a dodecadienyl group, a heptadecadienyl group, an octadecadienyl group, a nonadecadienyl group, a heptadecatrienyl group, an octadecatrienyl group, a nonadecatrienyl group, a decyloxymethyl group, a decenyloxymethyl group, an undecyloxymethyl group, an undecenyloxymethyl group, a dodecyloxymethyl group, a dodecenyloxymethyl group, a decadienyloxymethyl group, an undecadienyloxymethyl group, a dodecadienyloxymethyl group, a heptadecadienyloxymethyl group, an octadecadienyloxymethyl group, a nonadecadienyloxymethyl group, a heptadecatrienyloxymethyl group, an octadecatrienyloxymethyl group, or a nonadecatrienyloxymethyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β1;

(16) The cationic lipid according to any one of (1) to (13) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L² is a decyl group, a cis-7-decenyl group, a (R)-11-acetyloxy-cis-8-heptadecenyl group, a (R)-11-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-cis-8-heptadecenyl group, a cis-9-octadecenyl group (oleyl group), a cis-8,11-heptadecadienyl group, a cis-9,12-octadecadienyl group (linoleyl group), a cis-10,13-nonadecadienyl group, a cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienyl group (linolenyl group), a decyloxymethyl group, a cis-7-decenyloxymethyl group, a (R)-11-acetyloxy-cis-8-heptadecenyloxymethyl group, a (R)-11-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-cis-8-heptadecenyloxymethyl group, a cis-9-octadecenyloxymethyl group (oleyloxymethyl group), a cis-8,11-heptadecadienyloxymethyl group, a cis-9,12-octadecadienyloxymethyl group (linoleyloxymethyl group), a cis-10,13-nonadecadienyloxymethyl group, or a cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienyloxymethyl group (linolenyloxymethyl group);

(17) The cationic lipid according to any one of (1) to (16) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 0;

(18) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein both R¹ and R² are methyl groups; R⁸ is a hydrogen atom; L¹ is a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group; L² is a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, a (C₁₀-C₁₉ alkoxy)methyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, or a (C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl)oxymethyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group; p+r is 2; and m is 0;

(19) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is a methyl group; R¹ and R⁸ together represent a group —(CH₂)_(q)—; L¹ is a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group; L² is a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, a (C₁₀-C₁₉ alkoxy)methyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, or a (C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl)oxymethyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group; p is 2; q is 2; r is 0; and m is 0;

(20) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is a methyl group; R¹ and R⁸ together represent a group —(CH₂)_(q)—; L¹ is a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group; L² is a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, a (C₁₀-C₁₉ alkoxy)methyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, or a (C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl)oxymethyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group; p is 1; q is 2 or 3; r is 1; and m is 0;

(21) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is a methyl group; R¹ and R⁸ together represent a group —(CH₂)_(q)—; L¹ is a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group; L² is a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, a (C₁₀-C₁₉ alkoxy)methyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group, or a (C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl)oxymethyl group optionally substituted by one acetyloxy group; p is 0; q is 3 or 4; r is 2; and m is 0;

(22) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(23) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(24) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(25) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(26) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(27) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(28) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(29) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(30) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(31) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(32) The cationic lipid according to (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cationic lipid is represented by the formula:

(33) A lipid particle comprising at least a cationic lipid according to any one of (1) to (32);

(34) The lipid particle according to (33), further comprising a lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation;

(35) The lipid particle according to (34), wherein the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation is a PEG-lipid;

(36) The lipid particle according to (35), wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DMA), or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol;

(37) The lipid particle according to (35), wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]-carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DMA);

(38) The lipid particle according to (35), wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dipalmityloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DPA), or 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol;

(39) The lipid particle according to (35), wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dipalmityloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DPA);

(40) The lipid particle according to (35), wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-distearyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DSA), or 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol;

(41) The lipid particle according to (35), wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-distearyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DSA);

(42) The lipid particle according to any one of (35) to (41), wherein the PEG has a molecular weight of 1,000 to 5,000;

(43) The lipid particle according to any one of (35) to (41), wherein the PEG has a molecular weight of 1,800 to 2,200;

(44) The lipid particle according to any one of (33) to (43), further comprising a sterol;

(45) The lipid particle according to (44), wherein the sterol is cholesterol;

(46) The lipid particle according to any one of claims 33) to (45), further comprising an amphipathic lipid;

(47) The lipid particle according to (46), wherein the amphipathic lipid is at least any one selected from distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and sphingomyelin (SM);

(48) The lipid particle according to (46), wherein the amphipathic lipid is distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC);

(49) The lipid particle according to any one of (46) to (48), wherein the lipid composition of the amphipathic lipid, the sterol, the cationic lipid, and the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation is 25% or less of the amphipathic lipid, 15% or more of the sterol, 20% to 70% of the cationic lipid, and 1% to 10% of the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation, in terms of molar quantity;

(50) The lipid particle according to any one of (46) to (48), wherein the lipid composition of the amphipathic lipid, the sterol, the cationic lipid, and the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation is 15% or less of the amphipathic lipid, 32% or more of the sterol, 45% to 65% of the cationic lipid, and 1.5% to 3% of the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation, in terms of molar quantity;

(51) A nucleic acid lipid particle comprising a lipid particle according to any one of (33) to (50) and a nucleic acid;

(52) The nucleic acid lipid particle according to (51), wherein the nucleic acid is any one selected from the group consisting of a single-stranded DNA, a single-stranded RNA, a single-stranded polynucleotide of a DNA and an RNA mixed with each other, a double-stranded DNA, a double-stranded RNA, a DNA-RNA hybrid polynucleotide, and two polynucleotides of a DNA and an RNA mixed with each other;

(53) The nucleic acid lipid particle according to (51), wherein the nucleic acid is a single-stranded or double-stranded polynucleotide having an RNA interference effect;

(54) The nucleic acid lipid particle according to (51), wherein the nucleic acid is a single-stranded RNA;

(55) The nucleic acid lipid particle according to any one of (51) to (54), wherein the ratio of the number of molecules of the cationic lipid (N) to the number of phosphorus atoms derived from the nucleic acid (P) is 2.0 to 9.0;

(56) The nucleic acid lipid particle according to any one of (51) to (54), wherein the ratio of the number of molecules of the cationic lipid (N) to the number of phosphorus atoms derived from the nucleic acid (P) is 3.0 to 9.0;

(57) The nucleic acid lipid particle according to any one of (51) to (56), wherein the average particle size is approximately 30 nm to approximately 300 nm;

(58) The nucleic acid lipid particle according to any one of (51) to (56), wherein the average particle size is approximately 30 nm to approximately 200 nm;

(59) The nucleic acid lipid particle according to any one of (51) to (56), wherein the average particle size is approximately 30 nm to approximately 100 nm;

(60) A pharmaceutical composition comprising a nucleic acid lipid particle according to any one of (51) to (59) as an active ingredient;

(61) The pharmaceutical composition according to (60), wherein the pharmaceutical composition is intended for the treatment or prevention of a disease derived from the expression of a target gene;

(62) The pharmaceutical composition according to (60), wherein the disease derived from the expression of a target gene is cancer, liver disease, gallbladder disease, fibrosis, anemia, or genetic disease;

(63) A method for inhibiting the expression of a target gene, comprising administering a nucleic acid lipid particle according to any one of (51) to (59) to a mammal;

(64) A method for treating or preventing a disease derived from the expression of a target gene, comprising administering a nucleic acid lipid particle according to any one of (51) to (59) to a mammal;

(65) The method according to (64), wherein the disease derived from the expression of a target gene is cancer; and

(66) A cationic lipid represented by the general formula (I):

-   wherein -   R¹ and R² each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆     alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from     substituent group α, a C₂-C₆ alkenyl group optionally having one or     more substituents selected from substituent group α, a C₂-C₆ alkynyl     group optionally having one or more substituents selected from     substituent group α, or a C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl group optionally having     one or more substituents selected from substituent group α, or R¹     and R² form a 3- to 10-membered heterocyclic ring together with the     nitrogen atom bonded thereto, wherein the heterocyclic ring     optionally has one or more substituents selected from substituent     group α and optionally contains one or more atoms selected from a     nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom, in addition to the     nitrogen atom bonded to R¹ and R², as atoms constituting the     heterocyclic ring; -   R³ and R⁴ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₆     alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from     substituent group α, or R³ and R⁴ form a 3- to 10-membered     hydrocarbon ring together with the carbon atom bonded thereto; -   or R¹ forms a 3- to 10-membered heterocyclic ring together with the     nitrogen atom bonded to R¹, R³, and the carbon atom bonded to R³,     wherein the heterocyclic ring optionally has one or more     substituents selected from substituent group α and optionally     contains one or more atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, an oxygen     atom, and a sulfur atom, in addition to the nitrogen atom bonded to     R¹, as atoms constituting the heterocyclic ring; -   R² and R⁴ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆     alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from     substituent group α, a C₂-C₆ alkenyl group optionally having one or     more substituents selected from substituent group α, or a C₂-C₆     alkynyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected     from substituent group α; -   R⁵ and R⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₃     alkyl group; -   R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₆ alkyl group optionally     having one or more substituents selected from substituent group α; -   substituent group α represents the group consisting of a halogen     atom, an oxo group, a hydroxy group, a sulfanyl group, an amino     group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₆ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆ halogenated alkyl     group, a C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆ alkylsulfanyl group, a C₁-C₆     alkylamino group, and a C₁-C₇ alkanoyl group; -   L¹ and L² each independently represent a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl group     optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent     group β, a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl group optionally having one or more     substituents selected from substituent group β, a C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl     group optionally having one or more substituents selected from     substituent group β, or a (C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)     group optionally having one or more substituents selected from     substituent group β; -   substituent group β represents the group consisting of a halogen     atom, an oxo group, a hydroxy group, a sulfanyl group, an amino     group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₆ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆ halogenated alkyl     group, a C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆ alkylsulfanyl group, a C₁-C₇     alkanoyl group, a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group, a C₃-C₇ alkoxyalkoxy     group, a C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl group, a C₁-C₆ alkoxycarboxyl group, a     C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbamoyl group, and a C₁-C₆ alkylaminocarboxyl group; -   Q represents a group represented by the following formula (II):

-   when L¹ and L² each have one or more substituents selected from     substituent group β and substituent group β is a sulfanyl group, a     C₁-C₆ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆ alkylsulfanyl     group, a C₁-C₇ alkanoyl group, or a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group, the     substituent(s) selected from substituent group β in L¹ and the     substituent(s) selected from substituent group β in L² optionally     bind to each other to form a cyclic structure; -   k represents an integer of 1 to 7; -   m represents an integer of 0 or 1; and -   n represents an integer of 3 to 6.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The present invention may provide a novel cationic lipid that forms a lipid particle.

The present invention may also provide a novel cationic lipid that forms a lipid particle in combination with an amphipathic lipid, a sterol, and a lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation.

The present invention may further provide a lipid particle comprising the cationic lipid.

The present invention may further provide a nucleic acid lipid particle comprising the lipid particle and further a nucleic acid.

The present invention may further provide a pharmaceutical composition containing the nucleic acid lipid particle as an active ingredient.

The present invention may further provide a method for treating a disease using the pharmaceutical composition.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram summarizing a method for producing an intermediate (A5) for use in the synthesis of a cationic lipid represented by the formula (I).

FIG. 2 is a diagram summarizing method B for use in the synthesis of the cationic lipid represented by the formula (I).

FIG. 3 is a diagram summarizing method C for use in the synthesis of the cationic lipid represented by the formula (I).

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of each nucleic acid having a double-stranded structure among nucleic acids constituting nucleic acid lipid particles. In the diagram, the upper sequences represent sense strands, and the lower sequences represent antisense strands. For symbols, the open square (□) represents an RNA, the filled circle () represents a DNA, and the open circle (◯) represents a 2′-O-methyl RNA. The line between the symbols represents a phosphodiester bond between the nucleosides. In the diagram, p represents —P(═O)(OH)—. When p is bound, a hydrogen atom in the terminal hydroxy group of the polynucleotide is removed. When the end of the polynucleotide is unbound, the 3′-end or 5′-end of the RNA, the DNA, or the 2′-O-methyl RNA is an OH group. X represents a compound modifying the 5′-end of an antisense strand described in the paragraph “3-4-2. Modified double-stranded polynucleotide” in the specification. “linker” means a polynucleotide linker described in the paragraph “3-4-3. Modified single-stranded polynucleotide” in the specification.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing PLK-1 expression inhibitory activity exhibited, in tumor, by a nucleic acid lipid particle having a compound of Example 19, 45, or 54 in Test Example 10.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing that a nucleic acid lipid particle containing a compound of Example 8 in Test Example 11 promotes the expression of mRNA. The upper boxes depict images of nuclei stained with Hoechst, and the lower boxes depict images of mCherry.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

1. Cationic Lipid

The cationic lipid disclosed in the present specification can be used alone and can be used in combination with an additional substance. For example, the cationic lipid can be used as a component constituting a lipid particle and can be used as a component constituting a nucleic acid lipid particle.

1-1. Definition of Group

In the present invention, the “cationic lipid” is a lipid, some molecules of which have a net positive charge according to pKa of the lipid at a selected pH such as physiological pH. The cationic lipid of the present invention is a lipid that can be ionized (ionizable lipid) and differs from a cationic lipid having quaternary amine, which is a lipid, all molecules of which have a net positive charge at any pH (e.g., N,N-dioleyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (DODAC)).

The “C₁-C₆ alkyl group” in the definitions of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁷, R⁸, substituent group α, and substituent group β refers to a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples thereof can include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a 2-methylbutyl group, a neopentyl group, a 1-ethylpropyl group, a n-hexyl group, a 4-methylpentyl group, a 3-methylpentyl group, a 2-methylpentyl group, a 1-methylpentyl group, a 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, a 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group, a 1,2-dimethylbutyl group, a 1,3-dimethylbutyl group, a 2,3-dimethylbutyl group, and a 2-ethylbutyl group. The C₁-C₆ alkyl group is preferably a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, more preferably a C₁-C₃ alkyl group.

The “C₁-C₃ alkyl group” in the definitions of R¹, R², R³, R⁵, and R⁶ refers to a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples thereof can include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and an isopropyl group. The C₁-C₃ alkyl group is preferably a methyl group.

The “C₂-C₆ alkenyl group” in the definitions of R¹, R², and R⁴ refers to a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples thereof can include a vinyl group, a 1-propenyl group, a 2-propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 1-methyl-2-propenyl group, a 2-methyl-2-propenyl group, a 1-butenyl group, a 2-butenyl group, a 3-butenyl group, a 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, a 1-pentenyl group, a 4-pentenyl group, a 1-methyl-4-pentenyl group, and a 5-hexenyl group.

The “C₂-C₆ alkynyl group” in the definitions of R¹, R², and R⁴ refers to a linear or branched alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples thereof can include an ethynyl group, a 1-propynyl group, a 2-propynyl group, a 1-methyl-2-propynyl group, a 1-butynyl group, a 2-butynyl group, a 3-butynyl group, a 1-pentynyl group, a 4-pentynyl group, a 1-methyl-4-pentynyl group, and a 5-hexynyl group.

The “C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl group” in the definitions of R¹ and R² refers to a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Examples thereof can include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group.

The “3- to 10-membered heterocyclic ring” in the definitions of R¹, R², and R³ refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated 3- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic group containing at least one nitrogen atom and optionally further containing one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, and an oxygen atom. Examples thereof can include azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, azepane, dihydropyrrole, dihydropyridine, tetrahydropyridine, piperazine, morpholine, dihydrooxazole, and dihydrothiazole. The heterocyclic ring formed by R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen atom bonded thereto is preferably azetidine, pyrrolidine, or morpholine. The heterocyclic ring formed by R¹ together with the nitrogen atom bonded to R¹, R³, and the carbon atom bonded to R³ is preferably azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, or morpholine.

The “3- to 10-membered hydrocarbon ring” in the definitions of R³ and R⁴ refers to a saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples thereof can include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclononyl group, and a cyclodecanyl group.

The “halogen atom” in the definitions of substituent group α and substituent group β is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom and is preferably a fluorine atom.

The “C₁-C₆ halogenated alkyl group” in the definitions of substituent group α and substituent group β refers to a group in which one or two hydrogen atoms in the “C₁-C₆ alkyl group” described above are replaced with the “halogen atom” described above. Examples thereof can include a fluoromethyl group, a chloromethyl group, a 1-fluoroethyl group, a 1-chloroethyl group, a 2-fluoroethyl group, and a 1,2-difluoropropyl group. The C₁-C₆ halogenated alkyl group is preferably a C₁-C₄ halogenated alkyl group, more preferably a C₁-C₃ halogenated alkyl group.

The “C₁-C₆ alkoxy group” in the definitions of substituent group α and substituent group β refers to a group in which the “C₁-C₆ alkyl group” described above is bonded to an oxygen atom. Examples thereof can include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a n-propoxy group, a n-butoxy group, a s-butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, and a n-pentoxy group. The C₁-C₆ alkoxy group is preferably a C₁-C₄ alkoxy group, more preferably a C₁-C₂ alkoxy group.

The “C₁-C₆ alkylsulfanyl group” in the definitions of substituent group α and substituent group β refers to a group in which the “C₁-C₆ alkyl group” described above is bonded to a sulfur atom. Examples thereof can include a methylsulfanyl group, an ethylsulfanyl group, a n-propylsulfanyl group, a n-butylsulfanyl group, a s-butylsulfanyl group, a tert-butylsulfanyl group, and a n-pentylsulfanyl group. The C₁-C₆ alkylsulfanyl group is preferably a C₁-C₄ alkylsulfanyl group, more preferably a C₁-C₂ alkylsulfanyl group.

The “C₁-C₆ alkylamino group” in the definition of substituent group α refers to a group in which the “C₁-C₆ alkyl group” described above is bonded to a nitrogen atom. Examples thereof can include a methylamino group, an ethylamino group, a n-propylamino group, a n-butylamino group, a s-butylamino group, a tert-butylamino group, a n-pentylamino group, a n-hexylamino group, a N,N-dimethylamino group, a N,N-diethylamino group, a N,N-di-n-propylamino group, a N,N-diisopropylamino group, a N,N-di-n-butylamino group, a N,N-diisobutylamino group, a N,N-di-s-butylamino group, and a N,N-di-tert-butylamino group. The C₁-C₆ alkylamino group is preferably a C₁-C₄ alkylamino group, more preferably a C₁-C₂ alkylamino group.

The “C₁-C₇ alkanoyl group” in the definitions of substituent group α and substituent group β refers to an alkanoyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. Examples thereof can include a formyl group, an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, an isobutyryl group, a pentanoyl group, a pivaloyl group, a valeryl group, an isovaleryl group, a hexanoyl group, and a heptanoyl group.

The “C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group” in the definition of substituent group β refers to a group in which the “C₁-C₇ alkanoyl group” described above is bonded to an oxygen atom. Examples thereof can include a formyloxy group, an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyryloxy group, an isobutyryloxy group, a pentanoyloxy group, a pivaloyloxy group, a valeryloxy group, an isovaleryloxy group, a hexanoyloxy group, and a heptanoyloxy group.

The “C₃-C₇ alkoxyalkoxy group” in the definition of substituent group β refers to a group in which one or two carbon atoms of a linear, branched, or cyclic alkane having 3 to 7 carbon atoms are replaced with an oxygen atom and the resulting group is further bonded to an oxygen atom (except for peroxide). Examples thereof can include a methoxymethoxy group, an ethoxymethoxy group, an ethoxyethoxy group, a 2-tetrahydrofuranyloxy group, and a 2-tetrahydropyranyloxy group.

The “(C₁-C₆ alkoxy)carbonyl group” in the definition of substituent group β refers to a group in which the “C₁-C₆ alkoxy group” described above is bonded to a carbonyl group. Examples thereof can include a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, a propoxycarbonyl group, an isopropoxycarbonyl group, a butoxycarbonyl group, an isobutoxycarbonyl group, a sec-butoxycarbonyl group, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, a pentyloxycarbonyl group, and a hexyloxycarbonyl group.

The “(C₁-C₆ alkoxy)carboxyl group” in the definition of substituent group β refers to a group in which the “C₁-C₆ alkoxy group” described above is bonded to a carboxyl group. Examples thereof can include a methoxycarboxyl group, an ethoxycarboxyl group, a propoxycarboxyl group, an isopropoxycarboxyl group, a butoxycarboxyl group, an isobutoxycarboxyl group, a sec-butoxycarboxyl group, a tert-butoxycarboxyl group, a pentyloxycarboxyl group, and a hexyloxycarboxyl group.

The “(C₁-C₆ alkoxy)carbamoyl group” in the definition of substituent group β refers to a group in which the “C₁-C₆ alkoxy group” described above is bonded to a carbamoyl group. Examples thereof can include a methoxycarbamoyl group, an ethoxycarbamoyl group, a propoxycarbamoyl group, an isopropoxycarbamoyl group, a butoxycarbamoyl group, an isobutoxycarbamoyl group, a sec-butoxycarbamoyl group, a tert-butoxycarbamoyl group, a pentyloxycarbamoyl group, and a hexyloxycarbamoyl group.

The “(C₁-C₆ alkylamino)carboxyl group” in the definition of substituent group β refers to a group in which the “C₁-C₆ alkylamino group” described above is bonded to a carboxyl group. Examples thereof can include a methylaminocarboxyl group, an ethylaminocarboxyl group, a n-propylaminocarboxyl group, a n-butylaminocarboxyl group, a s-butylaminocarboxyl group, a tert-butylaminocarboxyl group, a n-pentylaminocarboxyl group, a n-hexylaminocarboxyl group, a N,N-dimethylaminocarboxyl group, a N,N-diethylaminocarboxyl group, a N,N-di-n-propylaminocarboxyl group, a N,N-diisopropylaminocarboxyl group, a N,N-di-n-butylaminocarboxyl group, a N,N-diisobutylaminocarboxyl group, a N,N-di-s-butylaminocarboxyl group, and a N,N-di-tert-butylaminocarboxyl group.

The “C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl group” in the definitions of L¹ and L² refer to a linear alkyl group having 10 to 24 carbon atoms. Examples thereof can include a decyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group, a tridecyl group, a tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, an octadecyl group, a nonadecyl group, an icosyl group, a henicosyl group, a docosyl group, a tricosyl group, and a tetracosyl group. The “C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl group” represented by L¹ is preferably a heptadecyl group, an octadecyl group, or a nonadecyl group. The “C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl group” represented by L² is preferably a decyl group, an undecyl group, or a dodecyl group.

The “C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl group” in the definitions of L¹ and L² refers to a linear alkenyl group having 10 to 24 carbon atoms. The “C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl group” in the present application includes any of a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkadienyl group, a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkatrienyl group, and a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkatetraenyl group. Examples thereof can include a decenyl group, an undecenyl group, a dodecenyl group, a tridecenyl group, a tetradecenyl group, a pentadecenyl group, a hexadecenyl group, a heptadecenyl group, an octadecenyl group, a nonadecenyl group, an icosenyl group, a henicosenyl group, a docosenyl group, a tricosenyl group, a tetracosenyl group, a decadienyl group, an undecadienyl group, a dodecadienyl group, a tridecadienyl group, a tetradecadienyl group, a pentadecadienyl group, a hexadecadienyl group, a heptadecadienyl group, an octadecadienyl group, a nonadecadienyl group, an icosadienyl group, a henicosadienyl group, a docosadienyl group, a tricosadienyl group, a tetracosadienyl group, a decatrienyl group, an undecatrienyl group, a dodecatrienyl group, a tridecatrienyl group, a tetradecatrienyl group, a pentadecatrienyl group, a hexadecatrienyl group, a heptadecatrienyl group, an octadecatrienyl group, a nonadecatrienyl group, an icosatrienyl group, a henicosatrienyl group, a docosatrienyl group, a tricosatrienyl group, and a tetracosatrienyl group. The “C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl group” represented by L¹ is preferably a heptadecenyl group, an octadecenyl group, a nonadecenyl group, a heptadecadienyl group, an octadecadienyl group, a nonadecadienyl group, a heptadecatrienyl group, an octadecatrienyl group, or a nonadecatrienyl group. L¹ is preferably a (R)-11-acetyloxy-cis-8-heptadecenyl group, a (R)-11-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-cis-8-heptadecenyl group, a cis-9-octadecenyl group (oleyl group), a cis-8,11-heptadecadienyl group, a cis-9,12-octadecadienyl group (linoleyl group), a cis-10,13-nonadecadienyl group, or a cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienyl group (linolenyl group). The “C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl group” represented by L² is preferably a decenyl group, an undecenyl group, a dodecenyl group, a heptadecenyl group, an octadecenyl group, a decadienyl group, an undecadienyl group, a dodecadienyl group, a heptadecadienyl group, an octadecadienyl group, a nonadecadienyl group, a heptadecatrienyl group, an octadecatrienyl group, or a nonadecatrienyl group. L² is preferably a cis-7-decenyl group, a (R)-11-acetyloxy-cis-8-heptadecenyl group, a (R)-11-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-cis-8-heptadecenyl group, a cis-9-octadecenyl group (oleyl group), a cis-8,11-heptadecadienyl group, a cis-9,12-octadecadienyl group (linoleyl group), a cis-10,13-nonadecadienyl group, or a cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienyl group (linolenyl group).

The “C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl group” in the definitions of L¹ and L² refers to a linear alkynyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms. The “C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl group” in the present application includes any of a C₃-C₂₄ alkadiynyl group, a C₃-C₂₄ alkatriynyl group, and a C₃-C₂₄ alkatetraynyl group. The C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl group is, for example, a propynyl group, a butynyl group, a pentynyl group, a hexynyl group, a heptynyl group, an octynyl group, a nonynyl group, a decynyl group, an undecynyl group, a dodecynyl group, a tridecynyl group, a tetradecynyl group, a pentadecynyl group, a hexadecynyl group, a heptadecynyl group, an octadecynyl group, a nonadecynyl group, an icosynyl group, a henicosynyl group, a docosynyl group, a tricosynyl group, or a tetracosynyl group and is preferably a decynyl group.

The “(C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₁-C₁₀ alkyl) group” in the definitions of L¹ and L² is, for example, a group represented by any of the following structural formulas:

The “(C₁₀-C₂₄ alkoxy)methyl group” in the definition of L² refers to a group in which the “C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl group” described above is bonded to an oxygen atom which is further bonded to a methyl group. Examples thereof can include a decyloxymethyl group, an undecyloxymethyl group, a dodecyloxymethyl group, a tridecyloxymethyl group, a tetradecyloxymethyl group, a pentadecyloxymethyl group, a hexadecyloxymethyl group, a heptadecyloxymethyl group, an octadecyloxymethyl group, a nonadecyloxymethyl group, an icosyloxymethyl group, a henicosyloxymethyl group, a docosyloxymethyl group, a tricosyloxymethyl group, and a tetracosyloxymethyl group. The “(C₁₀-C₂₄ alkoxy)methyl group” is preferably a decyloxymethyl group, an undecyloxymethyl group, or a dodecyloxymethyl group.

The “(C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl)oxymethyl group” in the definition of L² refers to a group in which the “C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl group” described above is bonded to an oxygen atom which is further bonded to a methyl group. The “(C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl)oxymethyl group” in the present application includes any of a (C₁₀-C₂₄ alkadienyl)oxymethyl group, a (C₁₀-C₂₄ alkatrienyl)oxymethyl group, and a (C₁₀-C₂₄ alkatetraenyl)oxymethyl group. Examples thereof can include a decenyloxymethyl group, an undecenyloxymethyl group, a dodecenyloxymethyl group, a tridecenyloxymethyl group, a tetradecenyloxymethyl group, a pentadecenyloxymethyl group, a hexadecenyloxymethyl group, a heptadecenyloxymethyl group, an octadecenyloxymethyl group, a nonadecenyloxymethyl group, an icosenyloxymethyl group, a henicosenyloxymethyl group, a docosenyloxymethyl group, a tricosenyloxymethyl group, a tetracosenyloxymethyl group, a decadienyloxymethyl group, an undecadienyloxymethyl group, a dodecadienyloxymethyl group, a tridecadienyloxymethyl group, a tetradecadienyloxymethyl group, a pentadecadienyloxymethyl group, a hexadecadienyloxymethyl group, a heptadecadienyloxymethyl group, an octadecadienyloxymethyl group, a nonadecadienyloxymethyl group, an icosadienyloxymethyl group, a henicosadienyloxymethyl group, a docosadienyloxymethyl group, a tricosadienyloxymethyl group, a tetracosadienyloxymethyl group, a decatrienyloxymethyl group, an undecatrienyloxymethyl group, a dodecatrienyloxymethyl group, a tridecatrienyloxymethyl group, a tetradecatrienyloxymethyl group, a pentadecatrienyloxymethyl group, a hexadecatrienyloxymethyl group, a heptadecatrienyloxymethyl group, an octadecatrienyloxymethyl group, a nonadecatrienyloxymethyl group, an icosatrienyloxymethyl group, a henicosatrienyloxymethyl group, a docosatrienyloxymethyl group, a tricosatrienyloxymethyl group, and a tetracosatrienyloxymethyl group. The “(C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl)oxymethyl group” is preferably a decenyloxymethyl group, an undecenyloxymethyl group, a dodecenyloxymethyl group, a heptadecenyloxymethyl group, an octadecenyloxymethyl group, a decadienyloxymethyl group, an undecadienyloxymethyl group, a dodecadienyloxymethyl group, a heptadecadienyloxymethyl group, an octadecadienyloxymethyl group, a nonadecadienyloxymethyl group, a heptadecatrienyloxymethyl group, an octadecatrienyloxymethyl group, or a nonadecatrienyloxymethyl group, more preferably a cis-7-decenyloxymethyl group, a (R)-11-acetyloxy-cis-8-heptadecenyloxymethyl group, a (R)-11-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-cis-8-heptadecenyloxymethyl group, a cis-9-octadecenyloxymethyl group (oleyloxymethyl group), a cis-8,11-heptadecadienyloxymethyl group, a cis-9,12-octadecadienyloxymethyl group (linoleyloxymethyl group), a cis-10,13-nonadecadienyloxymethyl group, or a cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienyloxymethyl group (linolenyloxymethyl group).

The “(C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl)oxymethyl group” in the definition of L² refers to a group in which the “C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl group” described above is bonded to an oxygen atom which is further bonded to a methyl group. The “(C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl)oxymethyl group” in the present application includes any of a (C₃-C₂₄ alkadiynyl)oxymethyl group, a (C₃-C₂₄ alkatriynyl)oxymethyl group, and a (C₃-C₂₄ alkatetraynyl)oxymethyl group. The “(C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl)oxymethyl group” is, for example, a propynyloxymethyl group, a butynyloxymethyl group, a pentynyloxymethyl group, a hexynyloxymethyl group, a heptynyloxymethyl group, an octynyloxymethyl group, a nonynyloxymethyl group, a decynyloxymethyl group, an undecynyloxymethyl group, a dodecynyloxymethyl group, a tridecynyloxymethyl group, a tetradecynyloxymethyl group, a pentadecynyloxymethyl group, a hexadecynyloxymethyl group, a heptadecynyloxymethyl group, an octadecynyloxymethyl group, a nonadecynyloxymethyl group, an icosynyloxymethyl group, a henicosynyloxymethyl group, a docosynyloxymethyl group, a tricosynyloxymethyl group, or a tetracosynyloxymethyl group and is preferably a decynyloxymethyl group.

The “(C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)oxymethyl group” in the definition of L² refers to a group in which the “(C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₁-C₁₀ alkyl) group” described above is bonded to an oxygen atom which is further bonded to a methyl group.

When L¹ and L² each have one or more substituents selected from substituent group β and the substituent(s) selected from substituent group β in L¹ and the substituent(s) selected from substituent group β in L² bind to each other to form a cyclic structure, substituent group β is preferably a C₂-C₆ alkanoyloxy group, more preferably a propionyloxy group. More specifically, the substituent(s) selected from substituent group β in L¹ and the substituent(s) selected from substituent group β in L² bind to each other to form a group —OCOCH₂CH₂COO—.

The substituent group β in the present application is preferably the group consisting of a halogen atom, an oxo group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₆ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆ halogenated alkyl group, a C₁-C₆ alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆ alkylsulfanyl group, a C₁-C₇ alkanoyl group, a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group, a C₃-C₇ alkoxyalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₆ alkoxy)carbonyl group, a (C₁-C₆ alkoxy)carboxyl group, a (C₁-C₆ alkoxy)carbamoyl group, and a (C₁-C₆ alkylamino)carboxyl group (substituent group β1), more preferably a C₂-C₅ alkanoyloxy group, further preferably an acetyloxy group or a propionyloxy group, particularly preferably an acetyloxy group.

The cationic lipid of the present invention can be converted to a “pharmacologically acceptable salt” by a standard method. Preferred examples of such a salt can include: metal salts including alkali metal salts such as a sodium salt, a potassium salt, and a lithium salt, alkaline earth metal salts such as a calcium salt and a magnesium salt, an aluminum salt, an iron salt, a zinc salt, a copper salt, a nickel salt, and a cobalt salt; amine salts including inorganic salts such as an ammonium salt and organic salts such as a t-octylamine salt, a dibenzylamine salt, a morpholine salt, a glucosamine salt, a phenylglycine alkyl ester salt, an ethylenediamine salt, a N-methylglucamine salt, a guanidine salt, a diethylamine salt, a triethylamine salt, a dicyclohexylamine salt, a N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine salt, a chloroprocaine salt, a procaine salt, a diethanolamine salt, a N-benzyl-phenethylamine salt, a piperazine salt, a tetramethylammonium salt, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt; inorganic acid salts such as a hydrohalide (e.g., a hydrofluoride, a hydrochloride, a hydrobromide, and a hydroiodide), a nitrate, a perchlorate, a sulfate, and a phosphate; organic acid salts such as lower alkanesulfonates (e.g., a methanesulfonate, a trifluoromethanesulfonate, and an ethanesulfonate), arylsulfonates (e.g., a benzenesulfonate and a p-toluenesulfonate), an acetate, a malate, a fumarate, a succinate, a citrate, a tartrate, an oxalate, and a maleate; and amino acid salts such as a glycine salt, a lysine salt, an arginine salt, an ornithine salt, a glutamate, and an aspartate.

The cationic lipid of the present invention can also exist as a hydrate or a solvate. The present invention encompasses even such a hydrate or solvate.

The cationic lipid of the present invention may have a stereoisomer, a geometric isomer, or an atropisomer. The present invention encompasses even these isomers and mixtures of arbitrary isomers at an arbitrary ratio, unless otherwise specified.

1-2. Specific Example of Cationic Lipid

Specific examples of the cationic lipid of the present invention can include compounds 1-1 to 1-481 described below in Table 1 and compounds 2-1 to 2-570 described below in Table 2. In Tables 1 and 2, “C17-1” represents a cis-8-heptadecenyl group; “C18-1” represents a cis-9-octadecenyl group (oleyl group); “C17-2” represents a cis,cis-8,11-heptadecadienyl group; “Lin” represents a cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienyl group (linoleyl group); “C19-2” represents a cis,cis-10,13-nonadecadienyl group; “C17-31” represents a cis,cis,cis-5,8,11-heptadecatrienyl group; “C17-32” represents a cis,cis,cis-8,11,14-heptadecatrienyl group; “C17-33” represents a 7-[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]heptyl group; “C17-A” represents a (R)-11-acetyloxy-cis-8-heptadecenyl group; “C17-H” represents a (R)-11-hexenyloxy-cis-8-heptadecenyl group; “C17-OH” represents a (R)-11-hydroxy-cis-8-heptadecenyl group; “C17-T” represents a (R)-11-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-cis-8-heptadecenyl group; “C17-T2” represents a (R)-11-(tetrahydro-2H-furan-2-yloxy)-cis-8-heptadecenyl group; “Me” represents a methyl group; “Et” represents an ethyl group; “Pr” represents a propyl group; “C10” represents a decyl group; “C11” represents an undecyl group; “C12” represents a dodecyl group; “C13” represents a tridecyl group; “C14” represents a tetradecyl group; “C15” represents a pentadecyl group; “C16” represents a hexadecyl group; “C17” represents a heptadecyl group; “C18” represents an octadecyl group; “C19” represents a nonadecyl group; “C20” represents an icosyl group; “C21” represents a henicosyl group; “C22” represents a docosyl group; “C23” represents a tricosyl group; “C24” represents a tetracosyl group; “C10-1” represents a cis-7-decenyl group; “C10-2” represents a 7-decynyl group; “C17-O-Su-O-C17” represents a group in which (R)-11-hydroxy-cis-8-heptadecenyl groups are cross-linked via succinic acid; and “-” represents a single bond.

TABLE 1 [Formula 18]

Compound R¹ R² m Z L¹ L² R³ 1-1  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C10 H 1-2  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C11 H 1-3  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C12 H 1-4  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C13 H 1-5  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C14 H 1-6  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C15 H 1-7  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C16 H 1-8  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C10 H 1-9  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C11 H 1-10  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C12 H 1-11  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C13 H 1-12  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C14 H 1-13  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C15 H 1-14  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C16 H 1-15  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C17 H 1-16  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 1-17  Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 1-18  Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 1-19  Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 1-20  —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 1-21  —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 1-22  —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 1-23  Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-1 C10 H 1-24  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-1 C10 H 1-25  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-1 C10 H 1-26  Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 1-27  Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-1 C10 H 1-28  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 Me 1-29  Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 Me 1-30  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 Et 1-31  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-32  Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-33  Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-34  Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-35  —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-36  —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-37  —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-38  Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-39  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-40  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-41  Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-42  Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-1 C10-1 H 1-43  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C11 H 1-44  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C12 H 1-45  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C13 H 1-46  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C14 H 1-47  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C15 H 1-48  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C16 H 1-49  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17 H 1-50  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-51  Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-52  Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-53  Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-54  —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-55  —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-56  —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-57  Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-58  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-59  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-60  Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-61  Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-1 C17-1 H 1-62  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 Me 1-63  Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 Me 1-64  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 Et 1-65  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C18 H 1-66  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C19 H 1-67  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C20 H 1-68  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C21 H 1-69  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C22 H 1-70  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C23 H 1-71  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C24 H 1-72  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 1-73  Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 1-74  Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 1-75  Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 1-76  —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 1-77  —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 1-78  —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 1-79  Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-2 C10 H 1-80  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-2 C10 H 1-81  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-2 C10 H 1-82  Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 1-83  Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-2 C10 H 1-84  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 Me 1-85  Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 Me 1-86  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 Et 1-87  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-88  Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-89  Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-90  Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-91  —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-92  —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-93  —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-94  Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-95  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-96  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-97  Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-98  Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-2 C10-1 H 1-99  Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-100 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-101 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-102 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-103 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-104 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-105 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-106 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-107 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-108 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-109 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-110 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-2 C10-2 H 1-111 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C11 H 1-112 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C11 H 1-113 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C13 H 1-114 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C14 H 1-115 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C15 H 1-116 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C16 H 1-117 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17 H 1-118 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-119 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-120 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-121 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-122 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-123 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-124 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-125 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-126 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-127 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-128 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-129 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-130 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-131 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-132 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-2 C17-2 H 1-133 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C18 H 1-134 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C19 H 1-135 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C20 H 1-136 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C21 H 1-137 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C22 H 1-138 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C23 H 1-139 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C24 H 1-140 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C10 H 1-141 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C10 H 1-142 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C10 H 1-143 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C10 H 1-144 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C10 H 1-145 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C10 H 1-146 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C10 H 1-147 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-31 C10 H 1-148 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-31 C10 H 1-149 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-31 C10 H 1-150 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C10 H 1-151 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-31 C10 H 1-152 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-153 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-154 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-155 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-156 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-157 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-158 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-159 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-160 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-161 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-162 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-163 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-31 C17-31 H 1-164 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C10 H 1-165 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C10 H 1-166 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C10 H 1-167 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C10 H 1-168 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C10 H 1-169 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C10 H 1-170 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C10 H 1-171 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-32 C10 H 1-172 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-32 C10 H 1-173 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-32 C10 H 1-174 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C10 H 1-175 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-32 C10 H 1-176 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-177 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-178 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-179 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-180 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-181 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-182 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-183 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-184 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-185 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-186 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-187 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-32 C17-32 H 1-188 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C10 H 1-189 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C10 H 1-190 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C10 H 1-191 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C10 H 1-192 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C10 H 1-193 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C10 H 1-194 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C10 H 1-195 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-33 C10 H 1-196 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-33 C10 H 1-197 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-33 C10 H 1-198 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C10 H 1-199 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-33 C10 H 1-200 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-201 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-202 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-203 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-204 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-205 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-206 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-207 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-208 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-209 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-210 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-211 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-33 C17-33 H 1-212 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 1-213 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 1-214 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 1-215 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 1-216 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 1-217 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 1-218 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 1-219 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-A C10 H 1-220 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-A C10 H 1-221 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-A C10 H 1-222 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 1-223 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-A C10 H 1-224 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C11 H 1-225 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C12 H 1-226 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C13 H 1-227 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C14 H 1-228 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C15 H 1-229 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C16 H 1-230 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17 H 1-231 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-1 H 1-232 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-2 H 1-233 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 1-234 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 1-235 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 1-236 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 1-237 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 1-238 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 1-239 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 1-240 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-A C17-A H 1-241 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-A C17-A H 1-242 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-A C17-A H 1-243 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 1-244 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-A C17-A H 1-245 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C18 H 1-246 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C18-1 H 1-247 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C19 H 1-248 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C19-2 H 1-249 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C20 H 1-250 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C21 H 1-251 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C22 H 1-252 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C23 H 1-253 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C24 H 1-254 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A Lin H 1-255 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 1-256 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 1-257 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 1-258 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 1-259 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 1-260 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 1-261 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 1-262 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-H C10 H 1-263 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-H C10 H 1-264 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-H C10 H 1-265 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 1-266 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-H C10 H 1-267 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C11 H 1-268 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C12 H 1-269 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C13 H 1-270 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C14 H 1-271 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C15 H 1-272 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C16 H 1-273 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17 H 1-274 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-1 H 1-275 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-2 H 1-276 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 1-277 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 1-278 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 1-279 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 1-280 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 1-281 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 1-282 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 1-283 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-H C17-H H 1-284 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-H C17-H H 1-285 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-H C17-H H 1-286 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 1-287 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-H C17-H H 1-288 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C18 H 1-289 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C18-1 H 1-290 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C19 H 1-291 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C19-2 H 1-292 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C20 H 1-293 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C21 H 1-294 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C22 H 1-295 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C23 H 1-296 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C24 H 1-297 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H Lin H 1-298 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C10 H 1-299 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C11 H 1-300 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C12 H 1-301 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C13 H 1-302 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C14 H 1-303 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C15 H 1-304 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C16 H 1-305 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C17 H 1-306 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C17-1 H 1-307 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C17-2 H 1-308 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C17-OH H 1-309 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C18 H 1-310 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C18-1 H 1-311 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C19 H 1-312 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C19-2 H 1-313 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C20 H 1-314 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C21 H 1-315 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C22 H 1-316 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C23 H 1-317 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH C24 H 1-318 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-OH Lin H 1-319 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-320 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-321 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-322 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-323 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-324 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-325 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-326 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-327 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-328 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-329 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-330 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-331 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-332 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-333 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-O-Su-O-C17 H 1-334 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 1-335 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 1-336 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 1-337 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 1-338 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 1-339 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 1-340 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 1-341 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-T C10 H 1-342 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-T C10 H 1-343 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-T C10 H 1-344 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 1-345 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-T C10 H 1-346 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C11 H 1-347 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C12 H 1-348 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C13 H 1-349 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C14 H 1-350 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C15 H 1-351 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C16 H 1-352 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17 H 1-353 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-1 H 1-354 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-2 H 1-355 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 1-356 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 1-357 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 1-358 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 1-359 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 1-360 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 1-361 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 1-362 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-T C17-T H 1-363 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-T C17-T H 1-364 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-T C17-T H 1-365 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 1-366 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-T C17-T H 1-367 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C18 H 1-368 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C18-1 H 1-369 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C19 H 1-370 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C19-2 H 1-371 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C20 H 1-372 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C21 H 1-373 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C22 H 1-374 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C23 H 1-375 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C24 H 1-376 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T Lin H 1-377 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 1-378 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 1-379 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 1-380 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 1-381 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 1-382 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 1-383 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 1-384 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-T2 C10 H 1-385 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-T2 C10 H 1-386 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-T2 C10 H 1-387 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 1-388 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-T2 C10 H 1-389 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C11 H 1-390 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C12 H 1-391 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C13 H 1-392 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C14 H 1-393 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C15 H 1-394 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C16 H 1-395 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17 H 1-396 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-1 H 1-397 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-2 H 1-398 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-399 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-400 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-401 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-402 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-403 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-404 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-405 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-406 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-407 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-408 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-409 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 1-410 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C18 H 1-411 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C18-1 H 1-412 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C19 H 1-413 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C19-2 H 1-414 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C20 H 1-415 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C21 H 1-416 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C22 H 1-417 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C23 H 1-418 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C24 H 1-419 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 Lin H 1-420 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C10 H 1-421 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C11 H 1-422 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C12 H 1-423 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C13 H 1-424 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C14 H 1-425 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C15 H 1-426 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C16 H 1-427 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C17 H 1-428 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C18 H 1-429 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-430 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-431 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-432 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-433 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-434 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-435 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-436 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-437 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-438 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-439 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-440 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C18-1 C18-1 H 1-441 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 Me 1-442 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 Me 1-443 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18-1 C18-1 Et 1-444 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 H 1-445 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 H 1-446 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 H 1-447 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 H 1-448 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 H 1-449 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 H 1-450 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 H 1-451 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— C19-2 C10 H 1-452 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— C19-2 C10 H 1-453 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— C19-2 C10 H 1-454 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 H 1-455 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— C19-2 C10 H 1-456 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 Me 1-457 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 Me 1-458 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— C19-2 C10 Et 1-459 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— Lin C10 H 1-460 Me Et 1 —(CH₂)₃— Lin C10 H 1-461 Me Pr 1 —(CH₂)₃— Lin C10 H 1-462 Et Et 1 —(CH₂)₃— Lin C10 H 1-463 —(CH₂)₃— 1 —(CH₂)₃— Lin C10 H 1-464 —(CH₂)₄— 1 —(CH₂)₃— Lin C10 H 1-465 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 1 —(CH₂)₃— Lin C10 H 1-466 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— Lin C10 H 1-467 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 1-468 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 1-469 Me Pr 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 1-470 Et Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 1-471 —(CH₂)₃— 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 1-472 —(CH₂)₄— 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 1-473 —(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂— 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 1-474 Me Me 0 —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂— Lin Lin H 1-475 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₄— Lin Lin H 1-476 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₅— Lin Lin H 1-477 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 1-478 Me Me 1 —(CH₂)₄— Lin Lin H 1-479 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin Me 1-480 Me Et 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin Me 1-481 Me Me 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin Et

TABLE 2 [Formula 19]

Compound R² p q m Z L¹ L² R³ 2-1 Me 0 2 0 — C17-1 C10 H 2-2 Me 0 3 0 — C17-1 C10 H 2-3 Me 0 4 0 — C17-1 C10 H 2-4 Me 1 2 0 — C17-1 C10 H 2-5 Me 1 3 0 — C17-1 C10 H 2-6 Me 2 2 0 — C17-1 C10 H 2-7 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-8 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-9 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-10 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-11 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-12 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-13 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-14 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-15 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-16 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-17 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-18 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-19 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-20 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C10 H 2-21 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 2-22 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 2-23 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 2-24 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 2-25 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 2-26 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 2-27 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C10 H 2-28 Me 1 3 0 — C17-1 C10 Me 2-29 Me 2 2 0 — C17-1 C10 Me 2-30 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C10 Me 2-31 Me 0 2 0 — C17-1 C17-1 H 2-32 Me 0 3 0 — C17-1 C17-1 H 2-33 Me 0 4 0 — C17-1 C17-1 H 2-34 Me 1 2 0 — C17-1 C17-1 H 2-35 Me 1 3 0 — C17-1 C17-1 H 2-36 Me 2 2 0 — C17-1 C17-1 H 2-37 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-38 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-39 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-40 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-41 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-42 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-43 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-44 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-45 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-46 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-47 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-48 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-49 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-50 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-51 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-52 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-53 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-54 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-55 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-56 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-57 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-1 C17-1 H 2-58 Me 1 3 0 — C17-1 C17-1 Me 2-59 Me 2 2 0 — C17-1 C17-1 Me 2-60 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-1 C17-1 Me 2-61 Me 0 2 0 — C17-2 C10 H 2-62 Me 0 3 0 — C17-2 C10 H 2-63 Me 0 4 0 — C17-2 C10 H 2-64 Me 1 2 0 — C17-2 C10 H 2-65 Me 1 3 0 — C17-2 C10 H 2-66 Me 2 2 0 — C17-2 C10 H 2-67 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-68 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-69 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-70 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-71 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-72 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-73 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-74 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-75 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-76 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-77 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-78 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-79 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-80 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C10 H 2-81 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 2-82 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 2-83 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 2-84 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 2-85 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 2-86 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 2-87 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C10 H 2-88 Me 1 3 0 — C17-2 C10 Me 2-89 Me 2 2 0 — C17-2 C10 Me 2-90 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C10 Me 2-91 Me 0 2 0 — C17-2 C17-2 H 2-92 Me 0 3 0 — C17-2 C17-2 H 2-93 Me 0 4 0 — C17-2 C17-2 H 2-94 Me 1 2 0 — C17-2 C17-2 H 2-95 Me 1 3 0 — C17-2 C17-2 H 2-96 Me 2 2 0 — C17-2 C17-2 H 2-97 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-98 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-99 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-100 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-101 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-102 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-103 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-104 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-105 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-106 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-107 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-108 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-109 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-110 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-111 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-112 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-113 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-114 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-115 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-116 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-117 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-2 C17-2 H 2-118 Me 1 3 0 — C17-2 C17-2 Me 2-119 Me 2 2 0 — C17-2 C17-2 Me 2-120 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-2 C17-2 Me 2-121 Me 0 2 0 — C17-A C10 H 2-122 Me 0 3 0 — C17-A C10 H 2-123 Me 0 4 0 — C17-A C10 H 2-124 Me 1 2 0 — C17-A C10 H 2-125 Me 1 3 0 — C17-A C10 H 2-126 Me 2 2 0 — C17-A C10 H 2-127 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-A C10 H 2-128 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-A C10 H 2-129 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-A C10 H 2-130 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-A C10 H 2-131 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-A C10 H 2-132 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-A C10 H 2-133 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-A C10 H 2-134 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C10 H 2-135 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C10 H 2-136 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C10 H 2-137 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C10 H 2-138 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C10 H 2-139 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C10 H 2-140 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C10 H 2-141 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 2-142 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 2-143 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 2-144 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 2-145 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 2-146 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 2-147 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C10 H 2-148 Me 1 3 0 — C17-A C10 Me 2-149 Me 2 2 0 — C17-A C10 Me 2-150 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-A C10 Me 2-151 Me 0 2 0 — C17-A C17-A H 2-152 Me 0 3 0 — C17-A C17-A H 2-153 Me 0 4 0 — C17-A C17-A H 2-154 Me 1 2 0 — C17-A C17-A H 2-155 Me 1 3 0 — C17-A C17-A H 2-156 Me 2 2 0 — C17-A C17-A H 2-157 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-158 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-159 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-160 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-161 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-162 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-163 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-164 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-165 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-166 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-167 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-168 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-169 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-170 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-A C17-A H 2-171 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 2-172 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 2-173 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 2-174 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 2-175 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 2-176 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 2-177 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-A C17-A H 2-178 Me 1 3 0 — C17-A C17-A Me 2-179 Me 2 2 0 — C17-A C17-A Me 2-180 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-A C17-A Me 2-181 Me 0 2 0 — C17-H C10 H 2-182 Me 0 3 0 — C17-H C10 H 2-183 Me 0 4 0 — C17-H C10 H 2-184 Me 1 2 0 — C17-H C10 H 2-185 Me 1 3 0 — C17-H C10 H 2-186 Me 2 2 0 — C17-H C10 H 2-187 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-H C10 H 2-188 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-H C10 H 2-189 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-H C10 H 2-190 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-H C10 H 2-191 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-H C10 H 2-192 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-H C10 H 2-193 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-H C10 H 2-194 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C10 H 2-195 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C10 H 2-196 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C10 H 2-197 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C10 H 2-198 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C10 H 2-199 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C10 H 2-200 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C10 H 2-201 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 2-202 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 2-203 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 2-204 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 2-205 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 2-206 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 2-207 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C10 H 2-208 Me 1 3 0 — C17-H C10 Me 2-209 Me 2 2 0 — C17-H C10 Me 2-210 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-H C10 Me 2-211 Me 0 2 0 — C17-H C17-H H 2-212 Me 0 3 0 — C17-H C17-H H 2-213 Me 0 4 0 — C17-H C17-H H 2-214 Me 1 2 0 — C17-H C17-H H 2-215 Me 1 3 0 — C17-H C17-H H 2-216 Me 2 2 0 — C17-H C17-H H 2-217 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-218 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-219 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-220 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-221 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-222 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-223 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-224 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-225 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-226 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-227 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-228 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-229 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-230 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-H C17-H H 2-231 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 2-232 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 2-233 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 2-234 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 2-235 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 2-236 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 2-237 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-H C17-H H 2-238 Me 1 3 0 — C17-H C17-H Me 2-239 Me 2 2 0 — C17-H C17-H Me 2-240 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-H C17-H Me 2-241 Me 0 2 0 — C17-T C10 H 2-242 Me 0 3 0 — C17-T C10 H 2-243 Me 0 4 0 — C17-T C10 H 2-244 Me 1 2 0 — C17-T C10 H 2-245 Me 1 3 0 — C17-T C10 H 2-246 Me 2 2 0 — C17-T C10 H 2-247 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T C10 H 2-248 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T C10 H 2-249 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-T C10 H 2-250 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-T C10 H 2-251 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T C10 H 2-252 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T C10 H 2-253 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T C10 H 2-254 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C10 H 2-255 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C10 H 2-256 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C10 H 2-257 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C10 H 2-258 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C10 H 2-259 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C10 H 2-260 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C10 H 2-261 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 2-262 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 2-263 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 2-264 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 2-265 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 2-266 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 2-267 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C10 H 2-268 Me 1 3 0 — C17-T C10 Me 2-269 Me 2 2 0 — C17-T C10 Me 2-270 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T C10 Me 2-271 Me 0 2 0 — C17-T C17-T H 2-272 Me 0 3 0 — C17-T C17-T H 2-273 Me 0 4 0 — C17-T C17-T H 2-274 Me 1 2 0 — C17-T C17-T H 2-275 Me 1 3 0 — C17-T C17-T H 2-276 Me 2 2 0 — C17-T C17-T H 2-277 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-278 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-279 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-280 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-281 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-282 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-283 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-284 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-285 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-286 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-287 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-288 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-289 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-290 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T C17-T H 2-291 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 2-292 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 2-293 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 2-294 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 2-295 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 2-296 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 2-297 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T C17-T H 2-298 Me 1 3 0 — C17-T C17-T Me 2-299 Me 2 2 0 — C17-T C17-T Me 2-300 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T C17-T Me 2-301 Me 0 2 0 — C17-T2 C10 H 2-302 Me 0 3 0 — C17-T2 C10 H 2-303 Me 0 4 0 — C17-T2 C10 H 2-304 Me 1 2 0 — C17-T2 C10 H 2-305 Me 1 3 0 — C17-T2 C10 H 2-306 Me 2 2 0 — C17-T2 C10 H 2-307 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-308 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-309 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-310 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-311 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-312 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-313 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-314 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-315 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-316 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-317 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-318 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-319 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-320 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C10 H 2-321 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 2-322 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 2-323 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 2-324 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 2-325 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 2-326 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 2-327 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C10 H 2-328 Me 1 3 0 — C17-T2 C10 Me 2-329 Me 2 2 0 — C17-T2 C10 Me 2-330 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C10 Me 2-331 Me 0 2 0 — C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-332 Me 0 3 0 — C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-333 Me 0 4 0 — C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-334 Me 1 2 0 — C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-335 Me 1 3 0 — C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-336 Me 2 2 0 — C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-337 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-338 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-339 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-340 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-341 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-342 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-343 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-344 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-345 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-346 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-347 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-348 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-349 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-350 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-351 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-352 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-353 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-354 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-355 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-356 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-357 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17-T2 C17-T2 H 2-358 Me 1 3 0 — C17-T2 C17-T2 Me 2-359 Me 2 2 0 — C17-T2 C17-T2 Me 2-360 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17-T2 C17-T2 Me 2-361 Me 0 2 0 — Lin Lin H 2-362 Me 0 3 0 — Lin Lin H 2-363 Me 0 4 0 — Lin Lin H 2-364 Me 1 2 0 — Lin Lin H 2-365 Me 1 3 0 — Lin Lin H 2-366 Me 2 2 0 — Lin Lin H 2-367 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— Lin Lin H 2-368 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— Lin Lin H 2-369 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— Lin Lin H 2-370 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— Lin Lin H 2-371 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— Lin Lin H 2-372 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— Lin Lin H 2-373 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— Lin Lin H 2-374 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— Lin Lin H 2-375 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— Lin Lin H 2-376 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— Lin Lin H 2-377 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— Lin Lin H 2-378 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— Lin Lin H 2-379 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— Lin Lin H 2-380 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— Lin Lin H 2-381 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 2-382 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 2-383 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 2-384 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 2-385 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 2-386 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 2-387 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— Lin Lin H 2-388 Me 1 3 0 — Lin Lin Me 2-389 Me 2 2 0 — Lin Lin Me 2-390 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— Lin Lin Me 2-391 Me 0 2 0 — C16 C10 H 2-392 Me 0 3 0 — C16 C10 H 2-393 Me 0 4 0 — C16 C10 H 2-394 Me 1 2 0 — C16 C10 H 2-395 Me 1 3 0 — C16 C10 H 2-396 Me 2 2 0 — C16 C10 H 2-397 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C16 C10 H 2-398 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C16 C10 H 2-399 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C16 C10 H 2-400 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C16 C10 H 2-401 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C16 C10 H 2-402 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C16 C10 H 2-403 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C16 C10 H 2-404 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C10 H 2-405 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C10 H 2-406 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C10 H 2-407 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C10 H 2-408 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C10 H 2-409 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C10 H 2-410 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C10 H 2-411 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C10 H 2-412 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C10 H 2-413 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C10 H 2-414 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C10 H 2-415 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C10 H 2-416 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C10 H 2-417 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C10 H 2-418 Me 1 3 0 — C16 C10 Me 2-419 Me 2 2 0 — C16 C10 Me 2-420 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C16 C10 Me 2-421 Me 0 2 0 — C16 C16 H 2-422 Me 0 3 0 — C16 C16 H 2-423 Me 0 4 0 — C16 C16 H 2-424 Me 1 2 0 — C16 C16 H 2-425 Me 1 3 0 — C16 C16 H 2-426 Me 2 2 0 — C16 C16 H 2-427 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C16 C16 H 2-428 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C16 C16 H 2-429 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C16 C16 H 2-430 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C16 C16 H 2-431 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C16 C16 H 2-432 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C16 C16 H 2-433 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C16 C16 H 2-434 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C16 H 2-435 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C16 H 2-436 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C16 H 2-437 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C16 H 2-438 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C16 H 2-439 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C16 H 2-440 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C16 C16 H 2-441 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C16 H 2-442 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C16 H 2-443 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C16 H 2-444 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C16 H 2-445 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C16 H 2-446 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C16 H 2-447 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C16 C16 H 2-448 Me 1 3 0 — C16 C16 Me 2-449 Me 2 2 0 — C16 C16 Me 2-450 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C16 C16 Me 2-451 Me 0 2 0 — C17 C10 H 2-452 Me 0 3 0 — C17 C10 H 2-453 Me 0 4 0 — C17 C10 H 2-454 Me 1 2 0 — C17 C10 H 2-455 Me 1 3 0 — C17 C10 H 2-456 Me 2 2 0 — C17 C10 H 2-457 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17 C10 H 2-458 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17 C10 H 2-459 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17 C10 H 2-460 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17 C10 H 2-461 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17 C10 H 2-462 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17 C10 H 2-463 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17 C10 H 2-464 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C10 H 2-465 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C10 H 2-466 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C10 H 2-467 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C10 H 2-468 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C10 H 2-469 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C10 H 2-470 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C10 H 2-471 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C10 H 2-472 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C10 H 2-473 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C10 H 2-474 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C10 H 2-475 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C10 H 2-476 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C10 H 2-477 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C10 H 2-478 Me 1 3 0 — C17 C10 Me 2-479 Me 2 2 0 — C17 C10 Me 2-480 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17 C10 Me 2-481 Me 0 2 0 — C17 C17 H 2-482 Me 0 3 0 — C17 C17 H 2-483 Me 0 4 0 — C17 C17 H 2-484 Me 1 2 0 — C17 C17 H 2-485 Me 1 3 0 — C17 C17 H 2-486 Me 2 2 0 — C17 C17 H 2-487 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C17 C17 H 2-488 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C17 C17 H 2-489 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C17 C17 H 2-490 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C17 C17 H 2-491 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C17 C17 H 2-492 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17 C17 H 2-493 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C17 C17 H 2-494 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C17 H 2-495 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C17 H 2-496 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C17 H 2-497 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C17 H 2-498 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C17 H 2-499 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C17 H 2-500 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C17 C17 H 2-501 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C17 H 2-502 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C17 H 2-503 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C17 H 2-504 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C17 H 2-505 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C17 H 2-506 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C17 H 2-507 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C17 C17 H 2-508 Me 1 3 0 — C17 C17 Me 2-509 Me 2 2 0 — C17 C17 Me 2-510 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C17 C17 Me 2-511 Me 0 2 0 — C18 C10 H 2-512 Me 0 3 0 — C18 C10 H 2-513 Me 0 4 0 — C18 C10 H 2-514 Me 1 2 0 — C18 C10 H 2-515 Me 1 3 0 — C18 C10 H 2-516 Me 2 2 0 — C18 C10 H 2-517 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C18 C10 H 2-518 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C18 C10 H 2-519 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C18 C10 H 2-520 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C18 C10 H 2-521 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C18 C10 H 2-522 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C18 C10 H 2-523 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C18 C10 H 2-524 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C10 H 2-525 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C10 H 2-526 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C10 H 2-527 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C10 H 2-528 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C10 H 2-529 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C10 H 2-530 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C10 H 2-531 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C10 H 2-532 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C10 H 2-533 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C10 H 2-534 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C10 H 2-535 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C10 H 2-536 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C10 H 2-537 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C10 H 2-538 Me 1 3 0 — C18 C10 Me 2-539 Me 2 2 0 — C18 C10 Me 2-540 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C18 C10 Me 2-541 Me 0 2 0 — C18 C18 H 2-542 Me 0 3 0 — C18 C18 H 2-543 Me 0 4 0 — C18 C18 H 2-544 Me 1 2 0 — C18 C18 H 2-545 Me 1 3 0 — C18 C18 H 2-546 Me 2 2 0 — C18 C18 H 2-547 Me 0 2 0 —CH₂— C18 C18 H 2-548 Me 0 3 0 —CH₂— C18 C18 H 2-549 Me 0 4 0 —CH₂— C18 C18 H 2-550 Me 1 1 0 —CH₂— C18 C18 H 2-551 Me 1 2 0 —CH₂— C18 C18 H 2-552 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C18 C18 H 2-553 Me 2 2 0 —CH₂— C18 C18 H 2-554 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C18 H 2-555 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C18 H 2-556 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C18 H 2-557 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C18 H 2-558 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C18 H 2-559 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C18 H 2-560 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₂— C18 C18 H 2-561 Me 0 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C18 H 2-562 Me 0 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C18 H 2-563 Me 0 4 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C18 H 2-564 Me 1 1 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C18 H 2-565 Me 1 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C18 H 2-566 Me 1 3 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C18 H 2-567 Me 2 2 0 —(CH₂)₃— C18 C18 H 2-568 Me 1 3 0 — C18 C18 Me 2-569 Me 2 2 0 — C18 C18 Me 2-570 Me 1 3 0 —CH₂— C18 C18 Me

1-3. Method for Producing Cationic Lipid

The cationic lipid of the present invention can be produced by the application of various synthesis methods known in the art. The synthesis methods known in the art include those described in “Comprehensive Organic Transformations (2nd ed.)”, Wiley-VCH, 1999, “Comprehensive Organic Synthesis”, Pergamon Press, 1991, etc. Depending on the type of the functional group used, the protection of a starting material or an intermediate with a suitable protective group, or reaction after replacement with a functional group that can be easily converted to the functional group of interest may be effective for the production. Such a functional group includes a hydroxy group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, multiple bonds, and the like. The protection and deprotection of the functional group or derivatization to the functional group can be carried out by a method known in the art. The method known in the art includes “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (4th ed.)”, Wiley-Interscience, 2006, etc.

The method for producing the cationic lipid (I) of the present invention, which is summarized in FIGS. 1 to 3, will be shown below. However, the production method is not limited to the methods described below.

In the formulas, G¹, G², G³, G⁴, and G⁵ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituent selected from substituent group β, or a substituent that can serve as a synthetic-chemically acceptable protected form or precursor for inducing any substituent of substituent group O.

p¹ and p² each independently represent an integer of 0 to 21.

G⁶, G⁷, G¹⁰, G¹¹, and G¹² each independently represent a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β, a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β, a C₃-C₂₄ alkynyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β, a (C₁-C₁₀ alkyl)-(Q)_(k)-(C₁-C₁₀ alkyl) group optionally having one or more substituents selected from substituent group β, or a substituent that can serve as a synthetic-chemically acceptable protected form or precursor for inducing any of these substituents.

G⁸ represents a substituent represented by the following structural formula, or a substituent that can serve as a synthetic-chemically acceptable protected form or precursor for inducing the substituent:

G⁹ is not particularly limited as long as it can be generally used as a protective group for a carboxyl group. Examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a benzyl group, a p-nitrobenzyl group, an o-nitrobenzyl group, and a p-methoxybenzyl group.

1-3-1. Method A

Method A is summarized in FIG. 1.

1-3-1-1. Step A-1

Step A-1 is the step of producing an internal alkyne compound (A3) having a hydroxy group from a terminal alkyne compound (A1) having a hydroxy group and an alkyl compound (A2) having a leaving substituent.

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include aromatic, ether, ester, amide, nitrile, sulfoxide, and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents. Aprotic polar solvents such as amide and sulfoxide solvents are preferred, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is more preferred.

Examples of the reagent used include transition metal compounds. Copper compounds are preferred, and copper(I) iodide is more preferred.

Two or more of inorganic salts, inorganic bases, alkali metal alkoxides, alkaline earth metal alkoxides, organic bases, and the like are used as additives. Inorganic salts and inorganic bases are preferred, and sodium iodide and potassium carbonate are more preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually 0° C. to 100° C., preferably 0° C. to room temperature.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-1-2. Step A-2

Step A-2 is the step of producing an internal alkyne compound (A4) having a formyl group from the internal alkyne compound (A3) having a hydroxy group.

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include sulfoxide solvents. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is preferred.

Examples of the reagent used include sulfur trioxide-pyridine complexes and oxalic acid chloride.

Inorganic bases and organic bases are used as additives. Organic bases are preferred, and triethylamine is more preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually 0° C. to 100° C., preferably 0° C. to room temperature.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-1-3. Step A-3

Step A-3 is the step of producing an internal alkyne compound (A5) having a carboxyl group from the internal alkyne compound (A4) having a formyl group.

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include alcohol, amine, and aqueous solvents. Alcohol solvents are preferred, and tert-butyl alcohol is more preferred.

Examples of the reagent used include inorganic oxidizing agents such as sodium chlorite.

Inorganic salts, inorganic bases, alkali metal alkoxides, and alkaline earth metal alkoxides are used as additives. Phosphates are preferred, and sodium dihydrogen phosphates are more preferred.

The additive further used is, for example, 2-methyl-2-butene.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually 0° C. to 100° C., preferably 0° C. to room temperature.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-2. Method B

Method B is summarized in FIG. 2.

1-3-2-1. Step B-1

Step B-1 is the step of producing a N-methoxy carboxylic acid amide (B2) from a carboxylic acid (B1).

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include aromatic, ether, ester, amide, nitrile, sulfoxide, and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents. Halogenated hydrocarbon solvents are preferred, and dichloromethane is more preferred.

Examples of the secondary material used include N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride.

Examples of the reagent used include dehydrative condensation agents such as carbodiimides. 1-Ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride is preferred.

Inorganic bases, alkali metal alkoxides, alkaline earth metal alkoxides, and organic bases are used as additives. Organic bases are preferred, and triethylamine is more preferred. The additive further used is a N-hydroxy heterocyclic compound as a dehydrative condensation activator. 1-Hydroxybenzimidazole hydrate is preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually −78° C. to 100° C., preferably 0° C. to room temperature.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-2-2. Step B-2

Step B-2 is the step of producing a ketone (B3) from the N-methoxy carboxylic acid amide (B2).

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include aromatic, ether, ester, amide, nitrile, and sulfoxide solvents. Ether solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferred.

Examples of the reagent used include Grignard reagents, alkyllithium reagents, and alkylzinc reagents. Grignard reagents and alkyllithium reagents are preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually −78° C. to 100° C., preferably -30° C. to room temperature.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-2-3. Step B-3

Step B-3 is the step of producing an alcohol (B4) from the ketone (B3).

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include ether, ester, amide, nitrile, sulfoxide, alcohol, amine, and aqueous solvents. Protonic solvents such as alcohol and aqueous solvents are preferred, and an aqueous solution of methanol or ethanol is more preferred.

Examples of the reagent used include boron reagents and aluminum reagents generally used as reducing agents. Sodium borohydride is preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually 0° C. to 100° C., preferably 0° C. to room temperature.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-2-4. Step B-4

Step B-4 is the step of producing an alcohol (B4′) having a double bond in the molecule from the alcohol (B4) having a triple bond in the molecule.

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include aromatic, ether, ester, amide, alcohol, amine, and aqueous solvents. Protonic solvents such as alcohol and aqueous solvents are preferred, and methanol or ethanol is more preferred.

Examples of the secondary material used include reducing agents as hydrogen gas or hydrogen donors. Hydrogen, sodium borohydride, and the like are preferred. These secondary materials are used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.

Examples of the catalyst used include transition metal compounds. Supported palladium metals, nickel compounds, and cobalt compounds are preferred, and polyethyleneimine-supported palladium and nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate are more preferred.

In the case of using a nickel compound, a cobalt compound, or the like as the catalyst, organic bases are used as additives. Ethylenediamine is preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually −78° C. to 80° C., preferably 0° C. to room temperature.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-2-5. Step B-5

Step B-5 is the step of producing a carbonate (B5) from the alcohol (B4).

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include aromatic, ether, ester, amide, nitrile, sulfoxide, halogenated hydrocarbon, and amine solvents. Low polar solvents such as aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents are preferred, and toluene and dichloromethane are more preferred.

Examples of the secondary material used include alcohols and active carbonates such as p-nitrophenyl-substituted carbonate.

In the case of using an alcohol as the secondary material, examples of the reagent used include phosgene equivalents. Diphosgene and triphosgene are preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually −78° C. to 100° C., preferably 0° C. to room temperature.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-2-6. Step B-6

Step B-6 is the step of producing a carbonate (B5′) having a double bond in the molecule from the carbonate (B5) having a triple bond in the molecule.

This step can be carried out in the same way as in step B-4.

1-3-2-7. Step B-7

Step B-7 is the step of producing an aldehyde (B7) from the alcohol (B6).

Various general oxidation reactions may be used. In the case of using a sulfoxide as an oxidizing agent, the solvent used is preferably dimethyl sulfoxide.

Examples of the reagent used include oxalyl chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and sulfur trioxide-pyridine complexes.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually −78° C. to 80° C., preferably 0° C. to 60° C.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-2-8. Step B-8

Step B-8 is the step of producing an alcohol (B4) from the aldehyde (B7).

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include aromatic, ether, ester, amide, nitrile, and sulfoxide solvents. Ether solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferred.

Examples of the reagent used include Grignard reagents, alkyllithium reagents, and alkylzinc reagents. Grignard reagents and alkyllithium reagents are preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually −78° C. to 100° C., preferably -30° C. to room temperature.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-3. Method C

Method C is summarized in FIG. 3.

1-3-3-1. Step C-1

Step C-1 is the step of producing a monosubstituted malonate (C2) from an unsubstituted malonate (C1).

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include aromatic, ether, ester, amide, nitrile, sulfoxide, and alcohol solvents. Aromatic solvents such as toluene and xylene are preferred.

Examples of the secondary material used include alkyl halides and alkyl sulfonates.

Examples of the reagent used include inorganic bases, alkali metal alkoxides, alkaline earth metal alkoxides, and organic bases. Sodium hydride and sodium methoxide are preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually 0° C. to 200° C., preferably 50° C. to 150° C.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-3-2. Step C-2

Step C-2 is the step of producing an ester (C3) from the monosubstituted malonate (C2).

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include aromatic, ester, amide, nitrile, sulfoxide, and aqueous solvents. Aprotic polar solvents such as amide and sulfoxide solvents are preferred, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is more preferred.

Examples of the reagent used include inorganic salts and inorganic bases. Lithium chloride and sodium cyanide are preferred.

Examples of the additive used include water.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually 80° C. to 200° C., preferably 120° C. to 180° C.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-3-3. Step C-3

Step C-3 is the step of producing a ketoester (C4) from the ester (C3).

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include aromatic, ether, ester, amide, nitrile, and sulfoxide solvents. Aromatic solvents are preferred, and xylenes are more preferred.

Examples of the secondary material used include various organic acid esters having a structure condensed with the same alcohol as the starting material.

Examples of the reagent used include inorganic bases, alkali metal alkoxides, alkaline earth metal alkoxides, and organic bases. Sodium hydride is preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually 50° C. to 200° C., preferably 120° C. to 180° C.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-3-4. Step C-4

Step C-4 is the step of producing a ketone (C5; compound corresponding to B3) from the ketoester (C4).

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include ether, ester, amide, nitrile, sulfoxide, alcohol, and aqueous solvents. Protonic solvents such as alcohol and aqueous solvents are preferred, and an aqueous solution of methanol or ethanol is more preferred.

Examples of the reagent used include inorganic bases, alkali metal alkoxides, and alkaline earth metal alkoxides. Sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide are preferred.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually 0° C. to 120° C., preferably 50° C. to 100° C.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-3-5. Step C-5

Step C-5 is the step of producing a disubstituted malonate (C6) from the monosubstituted malonate (C2).

This step can be carried out in the same way as in step C-1.

1-3-3-6. Step C-6

Step C-6 is the step of producing an ester (C7) from the disubstituted malonate (C6).

This step can be carried out in the same way as in step C-2.

1-3-3-7. Step C-7

Step C-7 is the step of producing a 2-substituted alcohol (C8) from the ester (C7).

The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the solvent does not inhibit the reaction and can dissolve starting materials to some extent. Examples thereof include aromatic and ether solvents. Tetrahydrofuran is preferred.

Examples of the reagent used include general reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride.

The reaction temperature differs depending on the types of the starting materials, the solvent, the reagent, and the like and is usually −78° C. to 80° C., preferably 0° C. to room temperature.

After completion of the reaction, the compound of interest of this reaction is collected from the reaction mixture according to a standard method. The compound of interest is obtained, for example, by: appropriately neutralizing the reaction mixture, or removing insoluble matter, if any, by filtration; then adding water and a water-immiscible organic solvent such as hexane or ethyl acetate; after washing with water, separating the organic layer containing the compound of interest; drying the organic layer over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous sodium bicarbonate, or the like; and then distilling off the solvent. The obtained compound of interest is further purified, if necessary, by a standard method, for example, recrystallization, reprecipitation, or chromatography.

1-3-3-8. Step C-8

Step C-8 is the step of producing a carbonate (C9) from the 2-substituted alcohol (C8).

This step can be carried out in the same way as in step B-5.

2. Lipid Particle

The lipid particle in the present specification includes a composition having any structure selected from a liposome, a lipid aggregate in which lipids are aggregated, and a micelle. The structure of the lipid particle is not limited to them as long as the lipid particle is a composition containing a lipid. The liposome has a lipid bilayer structure and has an aqueous phase in the inside. The liposome is classified as a multilamellar liposome, which has a multilayered structure of lipid bilayers, or as a unilamellar liposome, which has one bilayer. The liposome of the present invention includes both such liposomes.

The “lipid particle” of the present invention includes any composition selected from the following (a) to (c):

(a) a composition comprising a cationic lipid and a lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation,

(b) a composition comprising a cationic lipid, a lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation, and a sterol, and

(c) a composition comprising a cationic lipid, a lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation, a sterol, and an amphipathic lipid.

In this context, the cationic lipid is one or two or more of various cationic lipids described in the preceding paragraph “1. Cationic lipid”. Specific examples thereof can include one or two or more of the compounds described in Table 1 or 2.

Examples of the amphipathic lipid can include one or two or more of those described below in the paragraph “2-1. Amphipathic lipid”.

Examples of the sterol can include one or two or more of those described below in the paragraph “2-2. Sterol”.

Examples of the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation can include one or two or more of those described below in the paragraph “2-3. Lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation”.

2-1. Amphipathic Lipid

In the present specification, the “amphipathic lipid” refers to a lipid having affinity for both polar and nonpolar solvents.

Examples of the amphipathic lipid can include lipids described in “Liposomes: from physics to applications”, Chapter 1. Chemistry of lipids and liposomes (published by Elsevier B.V. in 1993, author: D. D. Lasic), etc. The amphipathic lipid includes, for example, phospholipids, glycolipids, aminolipids, sphingolipids, glycols, and saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, though the amphipathic lipid of the present invention is not limited to them. Specific examples thereof are described in the paragraphs 2-1-1 to 2-1-3.

2-1-1. Phospholipids

The phospholipids are broadly divided into glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids. Typical examples of the glycerophospholipids include phosphatidyl cholines (PC), phosphatidyl serines (PS), phosphatidyl inositols (PI), phosphatidyl glycerols (PG), phosphatidyl ethanolamines (PE), and phosphatidic acids (PA). On the other hand, typical examples of the sphingophospholipids include sphingomyelin (SM). For example, lipids described in the following (a) to (g) can be listed.

(a) Phosphatidylcholines

Specific examples of the phosphatidylcholines can include dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), didecanoylphosphatidylcholine (DDPC), dioctanoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine (DHPC), dibutyrylphosphatidylcholine (DBPC), dielaidoylphosphatidylcholine (DEPC), dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine, diarachidonoylphosphatidylcholine, diicosenoylphosphatidylcholine, diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine, dicaproylphosphatidylcholine, diheptadecanoylphosphatidylcholine, dibehenoylphosphatidylcholine, eleostearoylphosphatidylcholine, hydrogenated egg phosphatidylcholine (HEPC), hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoylphosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-myristoylphosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoylphosphatidylcholine, 1-stearoyl-2-palmitoylphosphatidylcholine, 1,2-dimyristoylamido-1,2-deoxyphosphatidylcholine, 1-myristoyl-2-palmitoylphosphatidylcholine, 1-myristoyl-2-stearoylphosphatidylcholine, di-0-hexadecylphosphatidylcholine, trans-dielaidoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitelaidoyl-phosphatidylcholine, n-octadecyl-2-methylphosphatidylcholine, n-octadecylphosphatidylcholine, 1-laurylpropanedio1-3-phosphocholine, erythro-N-lignoceroylsphingophosphatidylcholine, and palmitoyl-(9-cis-octadecenoyl)-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine. Preferred examples thereof can include DSPC, DPPC, and DMPC.

(b) Phosphatidylserines

Specific examples of the phosphatidylserines include distearoylphosphatidylserine (DSPS), dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS), dilauroylphosphatidylserine (DLPS), dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS), dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS), lysophosphatidylserine, eleostearoylphosphatidylserine, and 1,2-di-(9-cis-octadecenoyl)-3-sn-phosphatidylserine.

(c) Phosphatidylinositols

Specific examples of the phosphatidylinositols include dipalmitoylphosphatidylinositol (DPPI), distearoylphosphatidylinositol (DSPI), and dilauroylphosphatidylinositol (DLPI).

(d) Phosphatidylglycerols

Specific examples of the phosphatidylglycerols include dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), distearoylphosphatidylglycerol (DSPG), dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), dilauroylphosphatidylglycerol (DLPG), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), lysophosphatidylglycerol, hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylglycerol (HSPG), hydrogenated egg phosphatidylglycerol (HEPG), and cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol).

(e) Phosphatidylethanolamines

Specific examples of the phosphatidylethanolamines include dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE), dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine (DLPE), dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE), didecanoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DDPE), N-glutarylphosphatidylethanolamine (NGPE), lysophosphatidylethanolamine, N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-phosphatidylethanolamine, eleostearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, N-succinyldioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, and 1-hexadecyl-2-palmitoylglycerophosphatidylethanolamine Preferred examples thereof can include DOPE.

(f) Phosphatidic Acids

Specific examples of the phosphatidic acids include dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (DPPA), distearoylphosphatidic acid (DSPA), dimyristoylphosphatidic acid (DMPA), and dioleylphosphatidic acid (DOPA).

(g) Sphingophospholipids

Specific examples of the sphingophospholipids include sphingomyelin (SM), dipalmitoylsphingomyelin, distearoylsphingomyelin, ceramide ciliatine, ceramide phosphorylethanolamine, and ceramide phosphorylglycerol. Preferred examples thereof can include SM.

2-1-2. Glycolipids

The glycolipids are broadly divided into glyceroglycolipids and sphingoglycolipids. For example, lipids described in the following (a) or (b) can be listed.

(a) Glyceroglycolipids

Specific examples of the glyceroglycolipids include diglycosyl diglyceride, glycosyl diglyceride, digalactosyl diglyceride, galactosyl diglyceride, sulfoxyribosyl diglyceride, (1,3)-D-mannosyl (1,3)diglyceride, digalactosyl glyceride, digalactosyl dilauroyl glyceride, digalactosyl dimyristoyl glyceride, digalactosyl dipalmitoyl glyceride, digalactosyl distearoyl glyceride, galactosyl glyceride, galactosyl dilauroyl glyceride, galactosyl dimyristoyl glyceride, galactosyl dipalmitoyl glyceride, galactosyl distearoyl glyceride, and digalactosyl diacyl glycerol.

(b) Sphingoglycolipids

Specific examples of the sphingoglycolipids can include ceramide (cerebroside), galactosyl ceramide, lactosyl ceramide, digalactosyl ceramide, ganglioside GM1, ganglioside GM2, ganglioside GM3, sulfatide, ceramide oligohexoside, and globoside.

2-1-3. Saturated or Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Specific examples of the saturated fatty acids and the unsaturated fatty acids used include saturated or unsaturated fatty acids each having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, such as caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecylenic acid, lauric acid, tridecylenic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylenic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecylenic acid, arachidic acid, dodecenoic acid, tetradecenoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosenoic acid, erucic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid.

2-2. Sterol

Specific examples of the sterol can include cholesterol, cholesterol succinic acid, dihydrocholesterol, lanosterol, dihydrolanosterol, desmosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, zymosterol, ergosterol, fucosterol, 22-ketosterol, 20-hydroxysterol, 7-hydroxycholesterol, 19-hydroxycholesterol, 22-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, 5α-cholest-7-en-3β-ol, epicholesterol, dehydroergosterol, cholesterol sulfate, cholesterol hemisuccinate, cholesterol phthalate, cholesterol phosphate, cholesterol valerate, 3β-[N-(N′,N′-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]-cholesterol, cholesterol acetate, cholesteryl oleate, cholesteryl linoleate, cholesteryl myristate, cholesteryl palmitate, cholesteryl arachidate, coprostanol, cholesterol ester, cholesteryl phosphorylcholine, and 3,6,9-trioxaoctan-1-ol-cholesteryl-3e-ol. Preferred examples thereof can include cholesterol and cholesterol hemisuccinate, more preferably cholesterol.

2-3. Lipid Reducing Aggregation During Lipid Particle Formation

A lipid bound with a nonionic water-soluble polymer can be used as the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation.

The nonionic water-soluble polymer refers to a polymer having no dissociable group at a site other than the end in an aqueous medium such as water or a buffer solution, or a polymer derived from the polymer such that its end is alkoxy. Examples of such a nonionic water-soluble polymer can include:

(1) a nonionic vinyl polymer having, as a constituent, a monomer unit such as vinyl alcohol, methyl vinyl ether, vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl oxazolidone, vinyl methyl oxazolidone, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, N-vinylsuccinimide, N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, methylolacrylamide, acryloylmorpholine, acryloylpyrrolidine, acryloylpiperidine, styrene, chloromethylstyrene, bromomethylstyrene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl cyanoacrylate, ethyl cyanoacrylate, n-propyl cyanoacrylate, isopropyl cyanoacrylate, n-butyl cyanoacrylate, isobutyl cyanoacrylate, tert-butyl cyanoacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, or tert-butyl vinyl ether, or a polymer derived from the polymer by the alkoxylation of its end;

(2) a nonionic polyamino acid having, as a constituent, any one monomer unit selected from amino acids such as glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, asparagine, and glutamine, or a polymer derived from the polymer by the alkoxylation of its end;

(3) a nonionic synthetic polypeptide having, as a constituent, two or more monomer units selected from amino acids such as glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, asparagine, and glutamine, or a polymer derived from the polymer by the alkoxylation of its end;

(4) a nonionic polyester having, as a constituent, a monomer unit selected from glycolic acid and lactic acid, or a polymer derived from the polymer by the alkoxylation of its end;

(5) a nonionic polyether having, as a constituent, a monomer unit selected from glycols such as methylene glycol, ethylene glycol, n-propylene glycol, isopropylene glycol, and hydroxypropylene glycol, or a polymer derived from the polymer by the alkoxylation of its end;

(6) a nonionic natural polymer including sugars such as dextran, pectin, and pullulan, or a polymer derived from the polymer by the alkoxylation of its end;

(7) a nonionic modified natural polymer including celluloses such as methylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, or a polymer derived from the polymer by the alkoxylation of its end; and

(8) a block polymer or a graft copolymer having two or more different polymers selected from the polymers (1) to (7) as constituent units, or a copolymer derived from the copolymer by the alkoxylation of its end.

Of these nonionic water-soluble polymers, a nonionic polyether, a nonionic polyester, a nonionic polyamino acid, or a nonionic synthetic polypeptide, or a polymer derived from any of these polymers by the alkoxylation of the end is preferred. A nonionic polyether or a nonionic polyester, or a polymer derived from any of these polymers by the alkoxylation of the end is more preferred. A nonionic polyether or a nonionic monoalkoxy polyether is further preferred. Polyethylene glycol or monomethoxypolyethylene glycol is particularly preferred. Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol is most preferred.

The average molecular weight of the nonionic water-soluble polymer is not particularly limited and is preferably 1000 to 12000, more preferably 1000 to 5000, further preferably 1800 to 2200.

For example, any of the lipids listed in the paragraphs “2-1. Amphipathic lipid” and “2-2. Sterol” can be used in the lipid moiety.

Specific examples of the lipid bound with the nonionic water-soluble polymer can include, but are not limited to, diacylglycerol-bound monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine-bound monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, and ceramide-bound monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,613).

More specific examples thereof can include

1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol represented by the following formula:

1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol represented by the following formula:

1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol represented by the following formula:

1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol represented by the following formula:

N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DMA; J. Controlled Release (2006) 112, p. 280-290) represented by the following formula:

N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dipalmityloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DPA; J. Controlled Release (2006) 112, p. 280-290) represented by the following formula:

N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-distearyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DSA; J. Controlled Release (2006) 112, p. 280-290) represented by the following formula:

mPEG2000-1,2-di-O-myristyl-sn3-carbomoylglyceride (PEG-DMG; described in Example 21 of WO2009/132131) represented by the following formula:

mPEG2000-1,2-di-O-palmityl-sn3-carbomoylglyceride (PEG-DPG; described in Example 21 of WO2009/132131) represented by the following formula:

and

mPEG2000-1,2-di-O-stearyl-sn3-carbomoylglyceride (PEG-DSG; described in Example 21 of WO2009/132131) represented by the following formula:

all of which have PEG having a molecular weight of approximately 2000.

Preferred examples thereof can include N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DMA) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol. More preferred examples thereof can include N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DMA).

CH₃O(CH₂CH₂O)_(n′)CH₂CH₂O— in the structural formulas described above represents the nonionic water-soluble polymer. Its average molecular weight is not particularly limited and is preferably 1000 to 12000, more preferably 1000 to 5000, further preferably 1800 to 2200. n′ represents a numeric value estimated from the average molecular weight of the nonionic water-soluble polymer, and the number is not particularly limited and is preferably 20 to 280, more preferably 20 to 120, further preferably 35 to 50.

Normal PEG can also be used instead of or at the same time with the PEG-lipid described above as long as the PEG can prevent the aggregation of lipid particles. The PEG may be removed by dialysis before administration if the lipid particle is stable after its production.

2-4. Other Constituents of the Lipid Particle

The lipid particle of the present invention can contain an additional substance as long as the lipid particle maintains its structure. One example of such a lipid particle can include a lipid particle containing one or two or more substances selected from a polyamide oligomer (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,320,017), a peptide, a protein, and a detergent.

A constituent in the lipid particle of the present invention may be bound with a ligand having directivity to a target molecule.

Examples of the ligand can include: (1) a hormone, a growth factor, a suitable oligopeptide fragment thereof, or a low-molecular compound, which is bound with a particular cell receptor dominantly expressed by a cell desired to be delivered; and (2) a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody, or a suitable fragment thereof (e.g., Fab or F(ab′)2), which specifically binds to an antigenic epitope dominantly found on a target cell.

2-5. Compositional Ratio of Lipid Particle

The cationic lipid in the lipid particle according to the present invention is contained at approximately 20% to approximately 80%, preferably approximately 20% to approximately 70%, more preferably approximately 45% to approximately 65%, in terms of molar quantity with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle. As for the molar quantity of the cationic lipid used in the present invention, the lower limit is preferably 20%, more preferably 45%, with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle, and the upper limit is preferably 80%, more preferably 70%, further preferably 65%, with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle. The amphipathic lipid is contained at approximately 0% to approximately 35%, preferably approximately 0% to approximately 20%, more preferably approximately 5% to approximately 15%, in terms of molar quantity with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle. As for the molar quantity of the amphipathic lipid used in the present invention, the lower limit is preferably 5% with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle, and the upper limit is preferably 35%, more preferably 20%, further preferably 15%, with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle. The sterol is contained at approximately 0% to approximately 70%, preferably approximately 15% to approximately 70%, more preferably approximately 15% to approximately 35%, in terms of molar quantity with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle. As for the molar quantity of the sterol used in the present invention, the lower limit is preferably 15% with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle, and the upper limit is preferably 70%, more preferably 35%, with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle. The lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation is contained at approximately 0.5% to approximately 10%, preferably approximately 1% to approximately 10%, more preferably approximately 1.5% to approximately 10%, particularly preferably approximately 1.5% to approximately 3%, in terms of molar quantity with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle. As for the molar quantity of the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation of the present invention, the lower limit is preferably 0.5%, more preferably 1%, further preferably 1.1%, still further preferably 1.2%, still further preferably 1.3%, particularly preferably 1.4%, most preferably 1.5%, with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle, and the upper limit is preferably 10%, more preferably 5%, further preferably 3%, with respect to all lipids present in the lipid particle.

When the amphipathic lipid, the sterol, the cationic lipid, and the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation are used in the lipid particle of the present invention, the lipid composition is preferably 20% or less of the amphipathic lipid, 15% to 70% of the sterol, 20% to 70% of the cationic lipid, and 1% to 10% of the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation, more preferably 5% to 15% or less of the amphipathic lipid, 15% to 40% or more of the sterol, 45% to 65% of the cationic lipid, and 1.5% to 3% of the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation, in terms of molar quantity.

Preferred examples of the lipid particle of the present invention can include a lipid particle having any ratio selected from molar ratios of amphipathic lipid:sterol:cationic lipid:lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation of 10:48:40:2, 10:38:50:2, 10:33:55:2, 10:28:60:2, 15:33:50:2, 10:48.5:40:1.5, and 10:47.5:40:2.5. More preferred examples thereof can include a lipid particle having any ratio selected from molar ratios of amphipathic lipid:sterol:cationic lipid:lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation of 10:38:50:2, 10:33:55:2, 10:28:60:2, and 15:33:50:2.

3. Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

The present invention provides a nucleic acid lipid particle comprising the lipid particle described in the preceding paragraph “2. Lipid particle” and further a nucleic acid. The term “nucleic acid lipid particle” means a complex of the lipid particle and a nucleic acid. One example of the nucleic acid lipid particle in which the lipid particle is complexed with the nucleic acid can include a nucleic acid lipid particle having a structure where a nucleic acid is buried in the bilayer of a lipid. One example of the nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention can include a composition comprising the nucleic acid, the cationic lipid, the amphipathic lipid, the sterol, and the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation.

The ratio (N/P) of the number of molecules of the cationic lipid (N) to the number of phosphorus atoms derived from the nucleic acid (P) in the nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention is preferably approximately 2.0 to 15.0, more preferably approximately 2.0 to 12.0, further preferably 2.0 to 9.0, still further preferably 3.0 to 9.0. The lower limit of the N/P ratio is preferably 2.0, more preferably 2.5, further preferably 3.0, and the upper limit thereof is preferably 15.0, more preferably 12.0, further preferably 9.0.

The nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention has an average particle size of preferably approximately 30 nm to approximately 300 nm, more preferably approximately 30 nm to approximately 200 nm, further preferably approximately 30 nm to approximately 100 nm. The average particle size refers to a volume-average particle size measured on the basis of the principle of a dynamic light scattering method or the like using an apparatus such as Zeta Potential/Particle Sizer NICOMP™ 380ZLS (Particle Sizing Systems, LLC).

A nucleic acid that is degraded by nuclease under usual conditions is resistant to degradation by nuclease in an aqueous solution, when present in the nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention.

The nucleic acid lipid particle and a preparation method thereof are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,753,613, 5,785,992, 5,705,385, 5,976,567, 5,981,501, 6,110,745, and 6,320,017, and International Publication Nos. WO 96/40964 and WO 07/012191.

In the present specification, the term “nucleic acid”, “oligonucleotide”, or “polynucleotide” refers to a polymer containing at least two deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides in any form of a single strand, a double strand, and a triple strand.

A specific nucleic acid sequence also encompasses, implicitly, conservatively modified variants (e.g., degenerate codon substitutes), alleles, orthologs, SNPs, and complementary sequences thereof, and explicitly specified sequences, unless otherwise specified.

DNA may be in the form of an antisense, a plasmid DNA, a portion of the plasmid DNA, a DNA concentrated beforehand, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product, a vector (P1, PAC, BAC, YAC, or artificial chromosome), an expression cassette, a chimeric sequence, a chromosomal DNA, or a derivative of these groups.

In the present specification, the term “nucleic acid” is used for all of a gene, a plasmid, a cDNA, a messenger RNA (mRNA), and an interference RNA molecule (e.g., synthetic siRNA or siRNA expressed from a plasmid).

3-1. Nucleic Acid that Forms Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

The nucleic acid that forms the nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention can include any form known to those skilled in the art. Specific examples of such a form of the nucleic acid can include a single-stranded DNA, a single-stranded RNA, and a single-stranded polynucleotide of a DNA and an RNA mixed with each other. Specific examples of other forms of the nucleic acid can include a double-stranded polynucleotide consisting of a double-stranded DNA, a double-stranded RNA, a DNA-RNA hybrid polynucleotide, or two polynucleotides of a DNA and an RNA mixed with each other.

3-2. Nucleoside or Nucleotide

Each nucleoside or nucleotide constituting the nucleic acid contained in the nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention includes natural one as well as a modified nucleoside or a modified nucleotide prepared by chemical modification. Examples of the modified nucleoside or nucleotide include a sugar-modified nucleoside or nucleotide, a nucleobase-modified nucleoside or nucleotide, a backbone-modified nucleoside or nucleotide, and combinations thereof (see e.g., Nucleic Acid Research, 1997, Vol. 25, No. 22, 4429-4443).

In the present specification, the “natural nucleoside” refers to a 2′-deoxynucleoside such as 2′-deoxyadenosine, 2′-deoxyguanosine, 2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidine, and thymidine or a ribonucleoside such as adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, 5-methylcytidine, and uridine. Moreover, the “oligonucleotide” refers to an oligonucleotide composed of a compound in which the sugar moiety of the nucleoside forms an ester with phosphoric acid. In the present specification, the terms “oligonucleotide” and “polynucleotide” are used interchangeably.

In the present specification, 2′-deoxyadenosine may be referred to as A^(t); 2′-deoxyguanosine may be referred to as G^(t); 2′-deoxycytidine may be referred to as C^(t); 2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidine may be referred to as 5meC^(t); thymidine may be referred to as T^(t); 2′-deoxyuridine may be referred to as U^(t); adenosine may be referred to as A^(rt); guanosine may be referred to as G^(rt); cytidine may be referred to as C^(rt); 5-methylcytidine may be referred to as 5meC^(rt); and uridine may be referred to as U^(rt). Moreover, in the present specification, a 2′-deoxyadenosine nucleotide may be referred to as A^(p); a 2′-deoxyguanosine nucleotide may be referred to as G^(p); a 2′-deoxycytidine nucleotide may be referred to as C^(p); a 2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidine nucleotide may be referred to as 5meC^(p); a thymidine nucleotide may be referred to as T^(p); a 2′-deoxyuridine nucleotide may be referred to as U^(p); an adenosine nucleotide may be referred to as A^(rp); a guanosine nucleotide may be referred to as G^(rp); a cytidine nucleotide may be referred to as C^(rp); a 5-methylcytidine nucleotide may be referred to as 5meC^(rp); and a uracil nucleotide may be referred to as U^(rp).

In the present specification, where there are phosphorothioate ester forms instead of phosphoester forms of a nucleotide, a counterpart of A^(p) may be referred to as A^(s); a counterpart of G^(p) may be referred to as G^(s); a counterpart of C^(p) may be referred to as C^(s); a counterpart of 5meC^(p) may be referred to as 5meC^(s); a counterpart of T^(p) may be referred to as T^(s); a counterpart of U^(p) may be referred to as U^(s); a counterpart of A^(rp) may be referred to as A^(rs); a counterpart of G^(rp) may be referred to as G^(rs); a counterpart of C^(rp) may be referred to as C^(rs); a counterpart of 5meC^(rp) may be referred to as 5meC^(rs); and a counterpart of U^(rp) may be referred to as U^(rs).

In the present specification, the term “sugar-modified nucleoside” refers to a nucleoside modified at its sugar moiety. Examples of the sugar-modified nucleoside include 2′-O-methyl nucleoside, 2′-O,4′-C-ethylene nucleoside (ENA), and 2′-O,4′-C-methylene nucleotide (BNA/LNA).

In particular, examples of 2′-O-methyl modification include 2′-O-methyl nucleoside and 2′-O-methyl nucleotide: a counterpart of A^(rt) may be referred to as A^(mlt); a counterpart of G^(rt) may be referred to as G^(mlt); a counterpart of C^(rt) may be referred to as C^(mlt); a counterpart of 5meC^(rt) may be referred to as 5meC^(mlt); a counterpart of U^(rt) may be referred to as U^(mlt); a counterpart of A^(rp) may be referred to as A^(mlp); a counterpart of G^(rp) may be referred to as G^(mlp); a counterpart of C^(rp) may be referred to as C^(mlp); a counterpart of 5meC^(rp) may be referred to as 5meC^(mlp); a counterpart of U^(rp) may be referred to as U^(mlp); a counterpart of A^(rs) may be referred to as A^(mls); a counterpart of G^(rs) may be referred to as G^(mls); a counterpart of C^(rs) may be referred to as C^(mls); a counterpart of 5meC^(s) may be referred to as 5meC^(mls); and a counterpart of U^(rs) may be referred to as U^(mls).

In the Sequence Listing attached to the present specification, “cm” in the item <223> of each sequence represents 2′-O-methylcytidine; “um” represents 2′-O-methyluridine; and “gm” represents 2′-O-methylguanosine.

In the present specification, the 2′-O,4′-C-ethylene nucleotide unit and the “ENA unit” refer to those nucleosides and nucleotides having an ENA and also refer to nucleosides and nucleotides having an ENA unit: a counterpart of A^(t) may be referred to as A^(2t); a counterpart of A^(p) may be referred to as A^(e2p); a counterpart of A^(s) may be referred to as A^(e2s); a counterpart of G^(t) may be referred to as G^(2t); a counterpart of G^(p) may be referred to as G^(e2p); a counterpart of G^(s) may be referred to as G^(e2s); a counterpart of 5meC^(t) may be referred to as C^(2t); a counterpart of 5meC^(p) may be referred to as C^(e2p); a counterpart of 5meC^(s) may be referred to as C^(e2s); a counterpart of T^(t) may be referred to as T^(2t); a counterpart of T^(p) may be referred to as T^(e2p); and a counterpart of T^(s) may be referred to as T^(e2s).

In the present specification, the 2′-0,4′-C-methylene nucleotide unit and the “2′,4′-BNA/LNA unit” refer to those nucleosides and nucleotides having a 2′,4′-BNA/LNA and also refer to nucleosides and nucleotides having a 2′,4′-BNA/LNA unit: a counterpart of A^(t) may be referred to as A^(1t); a counterpart of A^(p) may be referred to as A^(e1p); a counterpart of A^(s) may be referred to as A^(e1s;) a counterpart of G^(t) may be referred to as G^(1t); a counterpart of G^(p) may be referred to as G^(e1p); a counterpart of G^(s) may be referred to as G^(e1s); a counterpart of 5meC^(t) may be referred to as C^(1t); a counterpart of 5meC^(p) may be referred to as C^(e1p); a counterpart of 5meC^(s) may be referred to as C^(e1s); a counterpart of T^(t) may be referred to as T^(1t); a counterpart of T^(p) may be referred to as T^(e1p); and a counterpart of T^(s) may be referred to as T^(e1s).

Hereinafter, the structural formula of each nucleotide is shown.

3-3. Target Gene

In the present specification, the “target gene” is not particularly limited as long as it is RNA in cells, tissues, or individuals to which or to whom this gene is introduced (hereinafter, they may be referred to as “recipients”). The target gene may be mRNA that is translated into a protein or may be non-coding RNA that is not translated into a protein. Examples of the non-coding RNA include functional RNA, for example, an untranslated region of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, mRNA-like non-coding RNA (mRNA-like ncRNA), long non-coding RNA (long ncRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), and microRNA (miRNA). Specifically, the target gene may be endogenous to the recipients for introduction or may be exogenous and introduced thereto by an approach such as gene transfer. It may also be a gene present on a chromosome or on an extrachromosomal gene. Examples of the exogenous gene include, but are not limited to, those derived from viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoans, which can infect the recipients. The function of the gene may be known or unknown.

Examples of such a target gene can include genes whose expression is specifically increased and/or which are specifically mutated in patients having a particular disease. Examples of the disease can include central nervous system disease (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and eating disorders), inflammatory disease (e.g., allergy, rheumatism, osteoarthritis, and lupus erythematosus), cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, cardiomegaly, angina pectoris, arteriosclerosis, and hypercholesterolemia), cancer (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostatic cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, uterine cervix cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, and malignant melanoma), respiratory disease (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung fibrosis), diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, anemia (e.g., anemia associated with chronic disease and iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia), age-related macular degeneration, immunological disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune disease, immunodeficiency, and leukemia), liver/gallbladder disease (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver failure, cholestasis, and calculus), gastrointestinal disease (e.g., ulcer, enteritis, and malabsorption), infection, adiposity, and fibrosis (e.g., lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and myelofibrosis). Examples of causative genes of these diseases can include, but are not limited to, kinesin spindle protein (KSP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transthyretin (TTR), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1), ApoB-100, ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit (RRM2), clusterin, heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), survivin, eukaryotic initiation factor-4E (eIF-4E), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), the alpha subunit of the interleukin 4 receptor (IL-4R-alpha), Factor XI, Factor VII, N-ras, H-ras, K-ras, bcl-2, bcl-xL, Her-1, Her-2, Her-3, Her-4, MDR-1, human β-catenin gene, DDX3 (DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 3, X-linked), Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 (MCL1) gene, PKR (Eif2ak2), Hsp47 (Serpinh1), Hepcidin, active protein c (APC), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), and Collagen, type I, alpha 1 (Col1A1).

3-4. Double-Stranded Polynucleotide

When the nucleic acid contained in the nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention is a nucleic acid having an RNA interference effect on a target gene, the nucleic acid is not limited by its structure and chemical modification as long as it has an RNA interference effect. Examples thereof can include siRNA (see e.g., WO2002/044321 and Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 570-579), AtuRNAi consisting of a polynucleotide containing alternately bound RNAs and 2′-OMeRNAs (see e.g., WO2004/015107), a double-stranded polynucleotide in which sense and antisense strands of polynucleotides containing alternately bound DNAs and 2′-OMeRNAs form a double strand by Watson-Crick base pairing between different types of nucleic acids (see e.g., WO2010/001909), which is described below in the paragraph 3-4-1, a nucleic acid consisting of a terminally modified polynucleotide (see e.g., WO2010/052715), which is described below in the paragraph 3-4-2, and a single-stranded polynucleotide in which the 5′-end of an antisense strand polynucleotide and the 3′-end of a sense strand polynucleotide are bound to each other via a linker to form a single strand, which further intramolecularly forms a double-stranded structure by Watson-Crick base pairing (see e.g., WO2012/074038), which is described below in the paragraph 3-4-3.

The structures of these polynucleotides are shown in FIG. 4.

In the present specification, the phrase “having a nucleotide sequence identical to a target gene” refers to having a sequence identical to at least a partial nucleotide sequence of the target gene. It includes a completely identical sequence and also includes a substantially identical sequence as long as the resulting polynucleotide has an RNA interference effect and/or a gene expression inhibitory effect on the target gene. The phrase “having a nucleotide sequence complementary to the target gene” refers to having a sequence complementary to at least a partial nucleotide sequence of the target gene. It includes a completely complementary sequence and also includes a substantially identical sequence as long as the resulting polynucleotide has an RNA interference effect and/or a gene expression inhibitory effect on the target gene. When the target gene is known to have SNPs or the like, a sequence having these variations is also included as an identical nucleotide sequence. In the present specification, a polynucleotide that comprises a nucleotide sequence complementary to a target gene and has an RNA interference effect and/or a gene expression inhibitory effect on the target gene is referred to as a polynucleotide against the target gene.

The nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid contained in the nucleic acid particle of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has an RNA interference effect and/or a gene expression inhibitory effect on the target gene. For example, the nucleotide sequence can be determined by determining the sequences of sense and antisense strands on the basis of a sequence predicted to have RNA interference effect on the target gene using computer software (e.g., GENETYX(R): manufactured by GENETYX CORPORATION), and can also be determined by further confirming the RNA interference effect and/or gene expression inhibitory effect of a polynucleotide prepared on the basis of the selected sequence.

The respective chain lengths of the sense and antisense strands of the double-stranded polynucleotide having an RNA interference effect may be any length from 10 nucleotides to the full length of the open reading frame (ORF) of the target gene as long as the resulting polynucleotide has an RNA interference effect and/or a gene expression inhibitory effect. The respective chain lengths of the sense and antisense strands are preferably any length from 18 nucleotides to the full length of the open reading frame (ORF) of the target gene, more preferably 10 to 100 nucleotides, further preferably 15 to 30 nucleotides.

In the case of using a double-stranded polynucleotide in which sense and antisense strands of polynucleotides containing alternately bound DNAs and 2′-OMeRNAs are bound by Watson-Crick base pairing between different types of nucleic acids (WO2010/001909) as the double-stranded polynucleotide having an RNA interference effect, the chain length of the sense strand is preferably 18 to 21 nucleotides, more preferably 18 or 19 nucleotides. The chain length of the antisense strand is preferably 19 to 21 nucleotides, more preferably 21 nucleotides. This polynucleotide does not have to be a double-stranded structure as a whole and also includes those partially overhanging at the 5′- and/or 3′-ends. The overhanging end has 1 to 5 nucleotides, preferably 1 to 3 nucleotides, more preferably 2 nucleotides. Most preferred examples of the polynucleotide include a polynucleotide having a structure where the 3′-end of the antisense strand polynucleotide overhangs by 2 nucleotides (overhang structure), and having 18 base pairs.

3-4-1. Polynucleotide Containing Alternately Bound DNAs and 2′-OMeRNAs

One example of the nucleic acid contained in the nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention can include a double-stranded polynucleotide in which sense and antisense strands of polynucleotides containing alternately bound DNAs and 2′-OMeRNAs are bound by Watson-Crick base pairing between different types of nucleic acids.

Specific examples of such a double-stranded polynucleotide include a double-stranded polynucleotide constituted by a sense strand CT-169 described in Example 51 of WO2010/001909: HO-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-A^(mlp)-G^(p)-A^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlt)-H (SEQ ID NO: 1 of the Sequence Listing) and

-   an antisense strand CT-157 described in Example 45 thereof:     HO—P(═O)(OH)—O-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlt)-H     (SEQ ID NO: 2 of the Sequence Listing); and -   a double-stranded polynucleotide constituted by -   a sense strand CT-103 described in Example 20 of WO2010/001909:     HO-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-A^(mlp)-G^(p)-A^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-A^(t)-H     (SEQ ID NO: 3 of the Sequence Listing) and -   an antisense strand CT-157 described in Example 45 thereof:     HO—P(═O)(OH)—O-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlt)-H     (SEQ ID NO: 2 of the Sequence Listing).

3-4-2. Modified Double-Stranded Polynucleotide

In the case of using a nucleic acid having an RNA interference effect as the nucleic acid contained in the nucleic acid lipid particle, another example thereof can include a nucleic acid modified at the end of its polynucleotide as long as the nucleic acid has the RNA interference effect. Examples thereof can include a double-stranded polynucleotide derived from a double-stranded polynucleotide having an RNA interference effect (e.g., siRNA, AtuRNAi, or a double-stranded polynucleotide in which sense and antisense strands of polynucleotides containing alternately bound DNAs and 2′-OMeRNAs are bound by Watson-Crick base pairing between different types of nucleic acids (see e.g., WO2010/001909)), and 5′-modified with aryl phosphate at the phosphate group of the 5′-end of its antisense strand (see e.g., WO2010/052715).

Specific examples of such a modified double-stranded polynucleotide include a modified double-stranded polynucleotide constituted by

-   a sense strand CT-169 described in Example 1 of WO2010/052715:     HO-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-A^(mlp)-G^(p)-A^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlt)-H     (SEQ ID NO: 1 of the Sequence Listing) and -   an antisense strand having any one sequence selected from the     following (1) to (3):

(1) an antisense strand CT-292 described in Example 17 thereof: X—P(═O)(OH)—O-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlt)-H (SEQ ID NO: 4 of the Sequence Listing) wherein

-   X is represented by the following formula:

(2) an antisense strand CT-315 described in Example 26 thereof: X—P(═O)(OH)—O-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlt)-H (SEQ ID NO: 5 of the Sequence Listing) wherein

X is represented by the following formula:

and

(3) an antisense strand CT-387 described in Example 83 thereof: X—P(═O)(OH)—O-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlt)-H (SEQ ID NO: 6 of the Sequence Listing) wherein

X is represented by the following formula:

3-4-3. Modified Single-Stranded Polynucleotide

The nucleic acid contained in the nucleic acid lipid particle also includes a polynucleotide that has a sense strand polynucleotide against the target gene and an antisense strand polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence complementary to the sense strand polynucleotide and has a single-stranded structure where the 5′-end of the antisense strand polynucleotide and the 3′-end of the sense strand polynucleotide are bound to each other through a phosphodiester structure formed via a linker as long as the polynucleotide has an RNA interference effect (see e.g., WO2012/074038).

Specific examples of such a compound can include: a polynucleotide CT-454 described in Example 12 of WO2012/074038: HO-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-A^(mlp)-G^(p)-A^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-X—P(═O)(OH)—O-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlt)-H (SEQ ID NO: 7 (sense strand region) and SEQ ID NO: 8 (antisense strand region) of the Sequence Listing);

-   a polynucleotide HS-005 described in Example 28 thereof:     HO—C^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-G^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-A^(mlp)-X—P(═O)(OH)—O-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-A^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlt)-H     (SEQ ID NO: 9 (sense strand region) and SEQ ID NO: 10 (antisense     strand region) of the Sequence Listing); -   a polynucleotide HS-006 described in Example 29 thereof:     HO—C^(p)-A^(mlp)-G^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-G^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-C^(p)-U^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-X—P(═O)(OH)—O-U^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-A^(p)-G^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlt)-H     (SEQ ID NO: 11 (sense strand region) and SEQ ID NO: 12 (antisense     strand region) of the Sequence Listing); -   a polynucleotide HS-005s described in Example 30 thereof:     HO—C^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-G^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-A^(mlp)-X—P(═O)(OH)—O-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-A^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(ps)-U^(mlt)-H     (SEQ ID NO: 13 (sense strand region) and SEQ ID NO: 14 (antisense     strand region) of the Sequence Listing); and -   a polynucleotide HS-006s described in Example 31 thereof:     HO—C^(p)-A^(mlp)-G^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-G^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-C^(p)-U^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-X—P(═O)(OH)—O-U^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-A^(p)-G^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(ps)-U^(mlt)-H -   (SEQ ID NO: 15 (sense strand region) and SEQ ID NO: 16 (antisense     strand region) of the Sequence Listing), wherein -   X is represented by the following formula:

The terminal methylene group of X binds to the 3′-end of the sense strand polynucleotide to form a phosphodiester bond, and the oxygen atom bonded to the phenyl group binds to the 5′-end of the antisense strand polynucleotide to form a phosphodiester bond.

3-4-3. Single-Stranded RNA

The nucleic acid contained in the nucleic acid lipid particle can be any single-stranded RNA without particular limitations and also includes mRNA that is translated into a protein. In order to improve translation efficiency, its sequence can also contain a cap structure (e.g., m7GpppG) or an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) at the 5′-end and/or a poly-A tail at the 3′-end. Further, the 3′ and/or 5′ untranslated region can contain a sequence that contributes to the stabilization of a protein, or a sequence that promotes translation.

The single-stranded RNA can be produced by in vitro transcription reaction from a DNA having a desired nucleotide sequence. Enzymes, buffer solutions, and a nucleoside-5′-triphosphate mixture (adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP), guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP), cytidine-5′-triphosphate (CTP), and uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP)) necessary for the in vitro transcription are commercially available (AmpliScribe T7 High Yield Transcription Kit (Epicentre), mMESSAGE mMACHINE T7 Ultra Kit (Life Technologies, Inc.), etc.). The DNA used for producing the single-stranded RNA is a cloned DNA, and, for example, a plasmid DNA or a DNA fragment is used.

In order to improve stability and further obtain an mRNA having reduced immunogenicity, a modified nucleotide may be introduced into the mRNA by using a modified nucleoside-5′-triphosphate together with an unmodified nucleoside-5′-triphosphate in the in vitro transcription reaction (Kormann, M. (2011) Nature Biotechnology 29, 154-157.). Examples of the modified uridine-5′-triphosphate used can include 2-thiouridine-5′-triphosphate, 4-thiouridine-5′-triphosphate, 4′-thiouridine-5′-triphosphate, and pseudouridine-5′-triphosphate. Examples of the modified cytidine-5′-triphosphate used can include 5-methylcytidine-5′-triphosphate and 4-thiocytidine-5′-triphosphate. The modified uridine-5′-triphosphate and the modified cytidine-5′-triphosphate may be used at the same time as the modified nucleoside-5′-triphosphates.

The ratio between the unmodified uridine-5′-triphosphate and the modified uridine-5′-triphosphate is preferably 50 to 95% of the unmodified uridine-5′-triphosphate and 5 to 50% of the modified uridine-5′-triphosphate, more preferably 70 to 95% of the unmodified uridine-5′-triphosphate and 5 to 30% of the modified uridine-5′-triphosphate. The ratio between the unmodified cytidine-5′-triphosphate and the modified cytidine-5′-triphosphate is preferably 50 to 95% of the unmodified cytidine-5′-triphosphate and 5 to 50% of the modified cytidine-5′-triphosphate, more preferably 70 to 95% of the unmodified cytidine-5′-triphosphate and 5 to 30% of the modified cytidine-5′-triphosphate.

The single-stranded RNA containing the modified nucleotide (or modified nucleoside) obtained by the in vitro transcription reaction using the modified nucleoside-5′-triphosphate can be completely hydrolyzed with nuclease (if necessary, which can also be dephosphorylated with phosphatase) and analyzed using, for example, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the contents of the modified nucleotide and an unmodified nucleotide (or the contents of the modified nucleoside and an unmodified nucleoside).

The ratio between the unmodified uridine and the modified uridine is preferably 50 to 95% of the unmodified uridine and 5 to 50% of the modified uridine, more preferably 70 to 95% of the unmodified uridine and 5 to 30% of the modified uridine. The ratio between the unmodified cytidine and the modified cytidine is preferably 50 to 95% of the unmodified cytidine and 5 to 50% of the modified cytidine, more preferably 70 to 95% of the unmodified cytidine and 5 to 30% of the modified cytidine.

The single-stranded RNA is used for treating a disease or supplying a beneficiary protein. The single-stranded RNA is delivered to an organ responsible for the disease through the nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention and further transported into the cytoplasm. When the single-stranded RNA encodes a protein, the single-stranded RNA is translated into the protein in the cytoplasm so that this protein brings about the curing of the disease.

A target of the treatment of the disease may be the absence of a protein due to gene mutation or a decreased supply of the protein. Even if the protein is present, the mutation of its gene causes mutation in the protein, and this variant protein may have functions weaker than those of the natural protein in some cases. For such deletion or deficiency of the protein, a single-stranded RNA encoding the protein can be used to bring about the curing of the disease. Examples of the disease that can be cured using the single-stranded RNA can include a disease caused by a genetic defect (genetic disease), and a disease caused by the absence of a protein in the body due to organ failure.

Examples of the disease caused by a genetic defect (genetic disease) (gene name is indicated within the parentheses) can include glycogen storage disease type Ia (glucose-6-phosphatase), glycogen storage disease type Ib (glucose-6-phosphate translocase), glycogen storage disease type III (amylo-1,6-glucosidase), glycogen storage disease type IV (amylo-1,4→1,6 transglucosylase), glycogen storage disease type VI (liver phosphorylase), glycogen storage disease type IX, glycogen storage disease type VIII (liver phosphorylase kinase), α1-antitrypsin deficiency (α1-antitrypsin), congenital hemochromatosis, hepcidin deficiency (hepcidin), hemophilia A and B (coagulation factors VIII and IX, respectively), congenital anticoagulant deficiency (protein C, inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ADAMTS13), congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, and thrombopoietin deficiency (thrombopoietin). Examples of the disease caused by the absence of a protein in the body due to organ failure can include erythropoietin (EPO) growth hormone (somatotropin or hGH).

3-5. Method for Producing Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

The method for producing the nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the nucleic acid lipid particle can be produced by the method. The nucleic acid lipid particle can be produced, for example, by a method such as a thin film method, a reverse-phase evaporation method, an ethanol injection method, an ether injection method, a dehydration-rehydration method, a detergent dialysis method, a hydration method, or a freezing-thawing method. More specifically, the nucleic acid lipid particle can be produced by the ethanol injection method described below.

Hydrophobic materials such as the cationic lipid, the amphipathic lipid, and the lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation are dissolved in 50 to 90% ethanol. On the other hand, hydrophilic materials such as the nucleic acid are dissolved in a buffer solution of pH 3 to 6.

The solution of the lipids in ethanol and the aqueous solution of the nucleic acid are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:20 to 1:1 to form a lipid particle and to form a nucleic acid lipid particle through the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged nucleic acid and the positively charged cationic lipid. As a result, a crude dispersion of the nucleic acid lipid particle is obtained.

In another aspect, the solution of the lipids in ethanol is mixed with a buffer solution free from the nucleic acid to form a lipid particle. Then, the lipid particle may be mixed with the aqueous solution of the nucleic acid to form a nucleic acid lipid particle.

Subsequently, ethanol and free nucleic acids contained in the obtained crude dispersion of the nucleic acid lipid particle are removed by a method such as ultrafiltration or dialysis to obtain a stable nucleic acid lipid particle.

Examples of such a nucleic acid lipid particle can include a nucleic acid lipid particle comprising the constituents at any molar ratio selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (g):

(a) amphipathic lipid:sterol:cationic lipid:lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation=10:48:40:2,

(b) amphipathic lipid:sterol:cationic lipid:lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation=10:38:50:2,

(c) amphipathic lipid:sterol:cationic lipid:lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation=10:33:55:2,

(d) amphipathic lipid:sterol:cationic lipid:lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation=10:28:60:2,

(e) amphipathic lipid:sterol:cationic lipid:lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation=15:33:50:2,

(f) amphipathic lipid:sterol:cationic lipid:lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation=10:48.5:40:1.5, and

(g) amphipathic lipid:sterol:cationic lipid:lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation=10:47.5:40:2.5.

The ratio (N/P) of the number of molecules of the cationic lipid (N) to the number of phosphorus atoms derived from the nucleic acid (P) in the nucleic acid lipid particle is preferably approximately 2.0 to 15.0, more preferably approximately 2.0 to 12.0, further preferably, 2.0 to 9.0, still further preferably 3.0 to 9.0. The lower limit of the N/P ratio is preferably 2.0, more preferably 2.5, further preferably 3.0, and the upper limit thereof is preferably 15.0, more preferably 12.0, further preferably 9.0.

4. Pharmaceutical Composition Containing Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

The nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention can be used in a pharmaceutical product as long as the nucleic acid lipid particle has an RNA interference effect and/or a gene inhibitory effect on a target gene.

The pharmaceutical product is not particularly limited as long as the pharmaceutical product is for the treatment or prevention of a disease derived from the expression of a target gene. Preferred examples thereof include pharmaceutical products for treating or preventing central nervous system disease (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and eating disorders), inflammatory disease (e.g., allergy, rheumatism, osteoarthritis, and lupus erythematosus), cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, cardiomegaly, angina pectoris, arteriosclerosis, and hypercholesterolemia), cancer (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostatic cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, uterine cervix cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, and malignant melanoma), respiratory disease (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung fibrosis), diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, anemia (e.g., anemia associated with chronic disease, iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia, and anemia of cancer), age-related macular degeneration, immunological disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune disease, immunodeficiency, and leukemia), liver/gallbladder disease (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver failure, cholestasis, and calculus), gastrointestinal disease (e.g., ulcer, enteritis, and malabsorption), infection, adiposity, and fibrosis (e.g., lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and myelofibrosis). The pharmaceutical product is more preferably for the treatment or prevention of cancer (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostatic cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, uterine cervix cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, and malignant melanoma), respiratory disease (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung fibrosis), and/or liver/gallbladder disease (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver failure, cholestasis, and calculus). The pharmaceutical product is further preferably for the treatment or prevention of cancer (colon cancer, rectal cancer, and liver cancer), anemia (e.g., anemia associated with chronic disease, iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia, and anemia of cancer), liver disease (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatitis), gallbladder disease (cholestasis), and fibrosis (lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and renal fibrosis).

The nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention can be used in a pharmaceutical product as long as the single-stranded RNA is used for treating a disease or supplying a beneficiary protein. Examples of this case are shown in the paragraph 3-4-3.

The nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention can be administered either alone or in a mixture with a physiologically acceptable carrier selected according to an administration route and a standard pharmaceutical practice.

In general, standard saline is used as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Other preferred carriers include, for example, water, buffered water, 0.4% salt solutions, and 0.3% glycine and also include albumins, lipoproteins, and glycoproteins such as globulins in order to enhance stability.

The pharmaceutical carriers are generally added after particle formation. Thus, after the particle formation, the particle can be diluted in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as standard saline.

The particle in a pharmaceutical formulation can have a very wide concentration range. Specifically, the concentration is less than approximately 0.05%, usually approximately 2 to 5%, or from at least approximately 2 to 5% to approximately 10 to 30%, of the weight, and is selected mainly from the volume, viscosity, or the like of a liquid according to a selected specific administration mode. For example, the concentration may be elevated such that a load of the liquid associated with treatment may be decreased. This is particularly desirable for patients with atherosclerosis-related congestive heart failure or severe hypertension. Alternatively, a particle constituted by an irritating lipid can be diluted to a low concentration, which can reduce inflammation at an administration site.

Typically, the concentration of the nucleic acid in the nucleic acid lipid particle is approximately 1 to 20%, more preferably approximately 3 to 10%.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be sterilized by a usual well-known sterilization technique. An aqueous solution can be packaged for use or can be filtered and freeze-dried under aseptic conditions. The freeze-dried preparation is combined with an aseptic aqueous solution before administration. The composition can contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliaries necessary for approaching a physiological state, for example, a pH adjustor and a buffering agent (e.g., sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride) and an osmotic regulator.

In addition, the particle suspension may contain a lipid-protecting agent that protects lipids from free radicals and lipid peroxidation damage during storage. A lipophilic free radical quencher such as alpha tocopherol and a water-soluble ion-specific chelating agent such as ferrioxamine are preferred.

Other examples of the use of the nucleic acid lipid particle include, but are not limited to, gels, oils, and emulsions. The nucleic acid lipid particle can also be incorporated into a wide range of local dosage forms. For example, the suspension containing the nucleic acid lipid particle can be formulated and administered as a local cream, paste, ointment, gel, lotion, or the like.

The nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention also provides a method for transferring a nucleic acid (e.g., plasmid or siRNA) into a cell. The method is carried out in vitro or in vivo by first forming the particle as described above and then contacting the particle with a cell for a time long enough to deliver the nucleic acid into the cell.

The nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention can be adsorbed to almost every type of cell with which the nucleic acid lipid particle is mixed or contacted. Once the nucleic acid lipid particle is adsorbed thereto, the particle can achieve any of the following events: the particle is endocytosed by the cell moiety; the cell membrane is replaced with the lipid; and the particle is fused with the cell.

The delivery or uptake of the nucleic acid moiety of the particle takes place through any one of these routes. Particularly, when the fusion occurs, the particle membrane is incorporated into the cell membrane so that the contents in the particle are combined with the intracellular fluid.

The nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention is useful for the treatment or prevention of every sign, disease, or symptom involved in or responding to the expression level of a target gene in cells or tissues. The disease to be treated or prevented is not particularly limited as long as it is a disease derived from the expression of a target gene. The disease is preferably cancer, anemia, liver disease, gallbladder disease, fibrosis, or genetic disease. The nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention can be administered to a mammal (preferably a human) in need thereof.

The present invention provides a method for inhibiting or down-regulating the expression of a target gene in a cell or a tissue. When the target gene is non-coding RNA that is not translated into a protein, the present invention also provides a method for inhibiting or down-regulating the expression of the non-coding RNA and further up-regulating or, in some cases, down-regulating the expression of a gene involved in the non-coding RNA.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples, Reference Examples, and Test Examples. However, the present invention is not intended to be limited to them. In the Examples below, procedures of genetic engineering were performed by the methods described in “Molecular Cloning” [Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. and Maniatis, T., published in 1989 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press] or according to the instructions of the commercially available reagents or kits used, unless otherwise specified.

Reference Example 1 4-Nitrophenyl(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl carbonate

To a solution of diisopropylethylamine (0.50 g, 3.8 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.12 g, 0.95 mmol) in dichloromethane (61 mL), (6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-ol (0.50 g, 0.95 mmol) described in Examples 1 and 7 of WO2010042877 and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.38 g, 1.9 mmol) were added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 5 hours. Volatile matter was removed under reduced pressure, and a solid formed by the addition of ethyl acetate was filtered off. The solvent in the obtained solution was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest (0.61 g, 93%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.21-1.44 (36H, m), 1.59-1.73 (4H, m), 2.00-2.09 (8H, m), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 4.77-4.85 (1H, m), 5.28-5.42 (8H, m), 7.38 (2H, d, J=9.3 Hz), 8.28 (2H, d, J=9.3 Hz).

Reference Example 2 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl carbonate

To a solution of 4-nitrophenyl(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl carbonate (0.20 g, 0.29 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 1, 2-dimethylaminoethanol (0.26 g, 2.9 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (0.15 g, 1.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.14 g, 1.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (100 mg, 54%). This compound is a compound described in a table of WO2010/054405.

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.20-1.40 (36H, m), 1.45-1.65 (4H, m), 1.96-2.08 (8H, m), 2.28 (6H, s), 2.60 (2H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 4.21 (2H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 4.64-4.71, 1H, m), 5.27-5.42 (8H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 644 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 644.6012 (3.0 mDa).

Example 1 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-467)

To a solution of 4-nitrophenyl(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl carbonate(0.20 g, 0.29 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 1, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.30 g, 2.9 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (0.15 g, 1.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.14 g, 1.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (100 mg, 53%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.20-1.40 (36H, m), 1.45-1.65 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.3, 7.3 Hz), 1.95-2.10 (8H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 4.63-4.73, 1H, m), 5.27-5.43 (8H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 658 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 658.6164 (2.6 mDa).

Reference Example 3 (6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-Pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-one

To a solution of methyl linoleate (30.0 g, 101 mmol) in xylene (55 mL), a suspension of sodium hydride (5.05 g, 63%, 132 mmol) washed in advance with hexane in xylene (10 mL) was added over 10 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at 150° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solution. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain an oil. To this oil, tetrahydrofuran (413 mL) and a 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (102 mL) were added, and the mixture was reacted at 100° C. for 5.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solution. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (23.0 g, 91%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.24-1.40 (28H, m), 1.51-1.60 (4H, m), 2.01-2.09 (8H, m), 2.38 (4H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 5.29-5.43 (8H, m).

Reference Example 4 (6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-Pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-ol

To a solution of (6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-one (23.0 g, 46.1 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 3 in methanol (187 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (187 mL), sodium borohydride (1.74 g, 46.1 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 80 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solution, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (22.2 g, 96%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.24-1.48 (36H, m), 2.01-2.09 (8H, m), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 3.55-3.62 (1H, m), 5.29-5.43 (8H, m).

Reference Example 5 4-Nitrophenyl(6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-yl carbonate

To a solution of diisopropylethylamine (0.20 g, 1.5 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.05 g, 0.38 mmol) in dichloromethane (25 mL), (6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-ol (0.19 g, 0.38 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 4 and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.15 g, 0.77 mmol) were added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. Volatile matter was removed under reduced pressure, and a solid formed by the addition of hexane was filtered off. The solvent in the obtained solution was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest (0.12 g, 47%).

Example 2 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-118)

To a solution of 4-nitrophenyl(6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-yl carbonate (0.03 g, 0.05 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 5, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.05 g, 0.5 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (0.03 g, 0.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (6 mL), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.02 g, 0.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 4 days. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.1 g, 1 mmol) was further added thereto, and the mixture was reacted for additional 2 days. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (10 mg, 31%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.22-1.42 (34H, m), 1.48-1.65 (4H, m), 1.85 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.98-2.10 (8H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, 6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.73 (1H, m), 5.37-5.43 (8H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 630 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 630.5839 (1.4 mDa).

Example 3 4-(Dimethylamino)butyl(6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-129)

To a solution of 4-nitrophenyl(6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-yl carbonate (0.12 g, 0.18 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 5, 4-dimethylamino-1-butanol (0.22 g, 1.8 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (0.10 g, 0.72 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.09 g, 0.72 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (30 mg, 26%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.21-1.42 (34H, m), 1.47-1.64 (6H, m), 1.71 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.99-2.09 (8H, m), 2.21 (6H, s), 2.27 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.14 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.63-4.72 (1H, m), 5.28-5.43 (8H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 644 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 644.6008 (2.6 mDa).

Reference Example 6 (9Z,26Z)-Pentatriaconta-9,26-dien-18-one

To a solution of methyl oleate (10.0 g, 33.4 mmol) in xylene (18 mL), a suspension of sodium hydride (1.65 g, 63%, 43.4 mmol) washed in advance with hexane in xylene (3 mL) was added over 5 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at 150° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solution. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain an oil. To this oil, tetrahydrofuran (135 mL) and a 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (33 mL) were added, and the mixture was reacted at 100° C. for 5.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solution. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, followed by the formation of a solid with an acetone-hexane solvent. After removal of the solid by filtration, the solvent was distilled off from the resulting solution under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (7.50 g, 89%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.21-1.36 (40H, m), 1.52-1.60 (4H, m), 1.97-2.04 (8H, m), 2.38 (4H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 5.30-5.39 (4H, m).

Reference Example 7 (9Z,26Z)-Pentatriaconta-9,26-dien-18-ol

To a solution of (9Z,26Z)-pentatriaconta-9,26-dien-18-one (5.0 g, 9.9 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 6 in methanol (40 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (40 mL), sodium borohydride (0.38 g, 9.9 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 80 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (4.5 g, 90%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.21-1.37 (48H, m), 1.37-1.49 (4H, m), 1.97-2.06 (8H, m), 3.55-3.62 (1H, m), 5.31-5.40 (4H, m).

Example 4 3-Dimethylaminopropyl(9Z,26Z)-pentatriaconta-9,26-dien-18-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-50)

To a solution of (9Z,26Z)-pentatriaconta-9,26-dien-18-ol (0.25 g, 0.50 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 7 and pyridine (0.25 g, 3.1 mmol) in toluene (5.0 mL), a solution of triphosgene (0.10 g, 0.34 mmol) in toluene (0.74 mL) was added over 2 minutes. After stirring at room temperature for 100 minutes, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.54 g, 5.2 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (296 mg, 94%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.86-0.91 (6H, m), 1.22-1.36 (44H, m), 1.50-1.59 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.8, 7.3 Hz), 1.97-2.04 (8H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 4.65-4.72 (1H, m), 5.33-5.37 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 634 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 634.6169 (3.1 mDa).

Reference Example 8 (3Z,6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z,32Z)-Pentatriaconta-3,6,9,26,29,32-hexaen-18-one

To a solution of methyl α-linolenate (10.0 g, 33.4 mmol) in xylene (18 mL), a suspension of sodium hydride (1.65 g, 63%, 43.4 mmol) washed in advance with hexane in xylene (3 mL) was added over 5 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at 150° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solution. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain an oil. To this oil, tetrahydrofuran (135 mL) and a 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (33 mL) were added, and the mixture was reacted at 100° C. for 5.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solution. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, followed by the formation of a solid with an acetone-hexane solvent. After removal of the solid by filtration, the solvent was distilled off from the resulting solution under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (6.10 g, 74%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.98 (6H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.22-1.40 (16H, m), 1.52-1.60 (4H, m), 2.00-2.19 (8H, m), 2.39 (4H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.74-2.83 (8H, m), 5.28-5.43 (12H, m).

Reference Example 9 (3Z,6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z,32Z)-Pentatriaconta-3,6,9,26,29,32-hexaen-18-ol

To a solution of (3Z,6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z,32Z)-pentatriaconta-3,6,9,26,29,32-hexaen-18-one (5.0 g, 10.1 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 8 in methanol (41 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (41 mL), sodium borohydride (0.38 g, 10 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 80 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (4.0 g, 79%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.98 (6H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.24-1.48 (24H, m), 2.00-2.20 (8H, m), 2.75-2.84 (8H, m), 3.55-3.61 (1H, m), 5.29-5.43 (12H, m).

Example 5 3-Dimethylaminopropyl(3Z,6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z,32Z)-pentatriaconta-3,6,9,26,29,32-hexaen-18-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-176)

To a solution of (3Z,6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z,32Z)-pentatriaconta-3,6,9,26,29,32-hexaen-18-ol (0.25 g, 0.50 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 9 and pyridine (0.25 g, 3.1 mmol) in toluene (5.0 mL), a solution of triphosgene (0.10 g, 0.34 mmol) in toluene (0.75 mL) was added over 2 minutes. After stirring at room temperature for 100 minutes, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.55 g, 5.3 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (274 mg, 87%, isomeric mixture).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.98 (6H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.24-1.39 (20H, m), 1.49-1.62 (4H, m), 1.85 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.6 Hz), 2.00-2.19 (8H, m), 2.22, (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.74-2.84 (8H, m), 4.17 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.65-4.71 (1H, m), 5.28-5.44 (12H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 626 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 626.5512 (−0.5 mDa).

Reference Example 10 (6Z,9Z,12Z,23Z,26Z,29Z)-Pentatriaconta-6,9,12,23,26,29-hexaen-18-one

To a solution of methyl y-linolenate (5.00 g, 17.1 mmol) in xylene (9 mL), a suspension of sodium hydride (0.85 g, 63%, 22.2 mmol) washed in advance with hexane in xylene (1.5 mL) was added over 5 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at 150° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solution. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain an oil. To this oil, tetrahydrofuran (69 mL) and a 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (17 mL) were added, and the mixture was reacted at 100° C. for 5.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solution. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, followed by the formation of a solid with an acetone-hexane solvent. After removal of the solid by filtration, the solvent was distilled off from the resulting solution under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (3.80 g, 90%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.86-0.91 (6H, m), 1.23-1.42 (16H, m), 1.55-1.63 (4H, m), 1.98-2.20 (8H, m), 2.39 (4H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.78-2.83 (8H, m), 5.25-5.44 (12H, m).

Reference Example 11 (6Z,9Z,12Z,23Z,26Z,29Z)-Pentatriaconta-6,9,12,23,26,29-hexaen-18-ol

To a solution of (6Z,9Z,12Z,23Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,12,23,26,29-hexaen-18-one (3.0 g, 6.1 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 10 in methanol (25 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (25 mL), sodium borohydride (0.23 g, 6.1 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 80 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (2.1 g, 70%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.86-0.91 (6H, m), 1.24-1.50 (24H, m), 1.99-2.21 (8H, m), 2.78-2.84 (8H, m), 3.55-3.62 (1H, m), 5.28-5.44 (12H, m).

Example 6 3-Dimethylaminopropyl(6Z,9Z,12Z,23Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,12,23,26,29-hexaen-18-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-152)

To a solution of (6Z,9Z,12Z,23Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,12,23,26,29-hexaen-18-ol (0.25 g, 0.50 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 11 and pyridine (0.25 g, 3.1 mmol) in toluene (5.0 mL), a solution of triphosgene (0.10 g, 0.34 mmol) in toluene (0.75 mL) was added over 2 minutes. After stirring at room temperature for 100 minutes, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.55 g, 5.3 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (240 mg, 76%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.86-0.91 (6H, m), 1.22-1.42 (20H, m), 1.51-1.63 (4H, m), 1.85 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.3 Hz), 1.99-2.19 (8H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 2.78-2.83 (8H, m), 4.17 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.65-4.72 (1H, m), 5.30-5.45 (12H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 626 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 626.5515 (0.3 mDa).

Reference Example 12 Dimethyl di-(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylpropanedioate

To a solution of dimethyl malonate (13.5 g, 102 mmol) in toluene (500 mL), a suspension of sodium hydride (5.17 g, 63%, 136 mmol) washed in advance with hexane in toluene (6 mL) was added over 5 minutes. After stirring at 80° C. for 30 minutes, (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylmethanesulfonate (compound described in Example 1 of WO2009/132131, 23.4 g, 67.9 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 4 hours and stirred at 120° C. for 2 hours. After treatment with a 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (9.71 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.90 (6H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.07-1.16 (4H, m), 1.21-1.40 (32H, m), 1.82-1.89 (4H, m), 2.01-2.08 (8H, m), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.71 (6H, s), 5.29-5.43 (8H, m).

A by-product dimethyl (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylpropanedioate was also obtained as a colorless liquid (8.50 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.21-1.37 (18H, m), 1.81-1.90 (2H, m), 1.96-2.05 (4H, m), 2.74 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.32 (1H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.70 (6H, s), 5.25-5.39 (4H, m).

Reference Example 13 Methyl (11Z,14Z)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl]icosa-11-dienoate

To a solution of dimethyl di-(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylpropanedioate (5.00 g, 7.95 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 12 and water (2.15 g, 119 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (39.5 mL), lithium chloride (1.01 g, 23.9 mmol) was added. After stirring at 150° C. for 5 hours, water (2.15 g, 119 mmol) and lithium chloride (1.01 g, 23.9 mmol) were added. The mixture was reacted at 160° C. for 5 hours and cooled to room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (3.00 g, 66%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.20-1.47 (38H, m), 1.55-1.64 (2H, m), 2.01-2.09 (8H, m), 2.28-2.37 (1H, m), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.67 (3H, s), 5.29-5.46 (8H, m).

Reference Example 14 (11Z,14Z)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-Octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl]icosa-11,14-dien-1-ol

To a solution of methyl (11Z,14Z)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl]icosa-11-dienoate (3.00 g, 5.25 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 13 in tetrahydrofuran (40 mL), lithium aluminum hydride (0.400 g, 10.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was treated with water (0.4 mL), a 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.4 mL), and water (1.2 mL) and subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (1.00 g, 35%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.24-1.44 (38H, m), 1.97-2.09 (9H, m), 2.78 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.15 (2H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 5.29-5.43 (8H, m).

Example 7 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(11Z,14Z)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl]icosa-11,14-dien-1-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-477)

A solution of (11Z,14Z)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl]icosa-11,14-dien-1-ol (0.15 g, 0.28 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 14 and pyridine (0.14 g, 1.8 mmol) in toluene (0.6 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.06 g, 0.19 mmol) in toluene (0.24 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was heated to 10° C., stirred for 30 minutes, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino 1-propanol (0.30 g, 2.9 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (130 mg, 70%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.21-1.40 (40H, m), 1.62-1.69 (1H, m), 1.85 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.01-2.09 (8H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.78 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.03 (2H, d, J=5.9 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 5.29-5.43 (8H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 672 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 672.6309 (1.4 mDa).

Reference Example 15 (9Z,12Z)-N-Methoxy-N-methyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide

To a solution of linoleic acid (10.0 g, 35.7 mmol) and N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (6.56 g, 71.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (250 mL), 1-hydroxybenzimidazole hydrate (10.9 g, 71.3 mmol), triethylamine (7.22 g, 71.3 mmol), and 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (13.7 g, 71.3 mmol) were added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (11.4 g, 99%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.24-1.40 (14H, m), 1.63 (2H, quint, J=7.4 Hz), 2.00-2.09 (4H, m), 2.41 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.68 (3H, s), 5.29-5.43 (4H, m).

Reference Example 16 (19Z,22Z)-Octacosa-19,22-dien-11-one

A solution of (9Z,12Z)-N-methoxy-N-methyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide (11.4 g, 35.2 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 15 in tetrahydrofuran (157 mL) was cooled to 15° C. in a water bath. A solution of 1 N n-decyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran (52.9 mL, 52.9 mmol) was added dropwise thereto over 20 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (14.3 g, 99%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 0.90 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.20-1.40 (28H, m), 1.50-1.60 (4H, m), 2.00-2.09 (4H, m), 2.38 (4H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 5.28-5.42 (4H, m).

Reference Example 17 (19Z,22Z)-Octacosa-19,22-dien-11-ol

To a solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-one (14.3 g, 35.2 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 16 in methanol (106 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (106 mL), sodium borohydride (1.33 g, 35.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 70 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (13.5 g, 95%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 0.90 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.23-1.47 (40H, m), 2.01-2.09 (4H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.54-3.62 (1H, m), 5.29-5.42 (4H, m).

Example 8 3-Dimethylaminopropyl(9Z,12Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-72)

A solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-ol (0.15 g, 0.37 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 17 and pyridine (0.18 g, 2.3 mmol) in toluene (0.8 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.07 g, 0.25 mmol) in toluene (0.31 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 1 hour, the reaction mixture was heated to 10° C., stirred for 20 minutes, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino 1-propanol (0.40 g, 3.9 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (100 mg, 51%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.22-1.39 (32H, m), 1.49-1.62 (4H, m), 1.85 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.6 Hz), 2.01-2.08 (4H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.65-4.72 (1H, m), 5.29-5.42 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 536 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 536.5038 (−0.5 mDa).

Example 9 (1-Methylpiperidin-3-yl)methyl(9Z,12Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 2-72)

A solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-ol (0.26 g, 0.64 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 17 and pyridine (0.32 g, 4.0 mmol) in toluene (7.4 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.13 g, 0.44 mmol) in toluene (0.9 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. (1-Methyl-3-piperidyl)methanol (0.87 g, 6.7 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (360 mg, 55%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.21-1.39 (32H, m), 1.49-1.76 (9H, m), 1.86-1.92 (1H, m), 1.96-2.07 (5H, m), 2.26 (3H, s), 2.74 (1H, d, J=10.5 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 2.85 (1H, d, J=10.5 Hz), 3.94 (1H, dt, J=3.2, 7.3 Hz), 4.06 (1H, ddd, J=3.2, 5.9, 10.7 Hz), 4.65-4.71 (1H, m), 5.29-5.42 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 562 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 562.5196 (−0.3 mDa).

Example 10 1-Methylpiperidin-4-yl(9Z,12Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 2-66)

A solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-ol (0.300 g, 0.738 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 17 and pyridine (0.368 g, 4.65 mmol) in toluene (7.4 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.151 g, 0.509 mmol) in toluene (1.1 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 4-Hydroxy-1-methylpiperidine (0.892 g, 7.75 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (249 mg, 62%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.20-1.40 (32H, m), 1.49-1.62 (4H, m), 1.73-1.84 (2H, m), 1.92-2.01 (2H, m), 2.01-2.08 (4H, m), 2.16-2.25 (2H, m), 2.28 (3H, s), 2.65-2.73 (2H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.57-4.66 (1H, m), 4.64-4.73 (1H, m), 5.28-5.43 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 548 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 548.5042 (−0.1 mDa).

Example 11 (1-Methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(9Z,12Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 2-71)

A solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-ol (0.300 g, 0.738 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 17 and pyridine (0.368 g, 4.65 mmol) in toluene (7.4 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.151 g, 0.509 mmol) in toluene (1.1 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. (1-Methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methanol (0.892 g, 7.75 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (234 mg, 58%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.20-1.40 (32H, m), 1.45-1.64 (5H, m), 1.95-2.07 (5H, m), 2.30 (1H, dd, J=5.5, 9.4 Hz), 2.34 (3H, s), 2.51 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 2.23-2.62 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 9.0 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 4.03 (1H, ddd, J=2.0, 7.8, 9.8 Hz), 4.07 (1H, ddd, J=2.0, 7.0, 10.6 Hz), 4.68 (1H, tt, J=5.5, 7.0 Hz), 5.29-5.43 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 548 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 548.5050 (0.7 mDa).

Example 12 1-Methylpyrrolidin-3-yl(9Z,12Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 2-64)

A solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-ol (0.150 g, 0.369 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 17 and pyridine (0.184 g, 2.32 mmol) in toluene (3.7 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.0755 g, 0.254 mmol) in toluene (0.55 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 1-Methyl-3-pyrrolidinol (0.392 g, 3.87 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (99.9 mg, 50%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.22-1.40 (32H, m), 1.47-1.60 (4H, m), 1.92 (1H, dddd, J=2.7, 6.3, 7.4, 13.7 Hz), 2.01-2.09 (4H, m), 2.28 (1H, dddd, J=6.3, 7.4, 7.8, 13.7 Hz), 2.36 (3H, s), 2.41 (1H, ddd, J=6.3, 7.8, 9.0 Hz), 2.67 (1H, dd, J=2.7, 10.9 Hz), 2.73 (1H, ddd, J=6.3, 7.4, 9.0 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 2.82 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 10.9 Hz), 4.67 (1H, tt, J=5.5, 7.0 Hz), 5.08 (1H, ddt, J=5.9, 7.8, 2.7 Hz), 5.28-5.43 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 534 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 534.4891 (0.5 mDa).

Example 13 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(9Z,12Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 2-75)

A solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-ol (0.200 g, 0.492 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 17 and pyridine (0.245 g, 3.10 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.101 g, 0.339 mmol) in toluene (0.74 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol (0.667 g, 5.16 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (98.5 mg, 36%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.22-1.40 (32H, m), 1.44-1.85 (8H, m), 1.92-2.18 (8H, m), 2.32 (3H, s), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.06 (1H, ddd, J=2.3, 8.2, 8.6 Hz), 4.11-4.26 (2H, m), 4.65-4.72 (1H, m), 5.29-5.43 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 562 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 562.5203 (0.4 mDa).

Example 14 (1-Methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl(9Z,12Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 2-73)

A solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-ol (0.200 g, 0.492 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 17 and pyridine (0.245 g, 3.10 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.101 g, 0.339 mmol) in toluene (0.74 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 4-Hydroxymethyl-1-methylpiperidine (0.667 g, 5.16 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (21.7 mg, 8%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 0.90 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.23-1.39 (28H, m), 1.49-1.61 (6H, m), 1.63-1.71 (1H, m), 1.74 (2H, d, J=14.1 Hz), 1.91 (2H, t, J=11.7 Hz), 2.00-2.03 (4H, m), 2.27 (3H, s), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 2.86 (2H, d, J=11.7 Hz), 3.98 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.71 (1H, m), 5.29-5.43 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 562 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 562.5204 (0.5 mDa).

Reference Example 18 (21Z,24Z)-Triaconta-21,24-dien-13-ol

To a solution of (9Z,12Z)-N-methoxy-N-methyloctacosa-9,12-dienamide (0.50 g, 1.5 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 15 in tetrahydrofuran (6.9 mL), a solution of 1 N n-dodecyl magnesium bromide in diethyl ether (4.6 mL, 4.6 mmol) was added dropwise over 3 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 6 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain a mixture containing a presumed intermediate ketone (0.93 g). To a solution of this ketone mixture in methanol (4.6 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (4.6 mL), sodium borohydride (0.06 g, 1.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.59 g, 89%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 0.90 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.22-1.48 (44H, m), 2.02-2.08 (4H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 3.55-3.62 (1H, m), 5.30-5.42 (4H, m).

Example 15 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(21Z,24Z)-triaconta-21,24-dien-13-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-112)

A solution of (21Z,24Z)-triaconta-21,24-dien-13-ol (0.15 g, 0.35 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 18 and pyridine (0.17 g, 2.2 mmol) in toluene (3.4 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.07 g, 0.24 mmol) in toluene (0.5 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 2 hours, 3-dimethylamino 1-propanol (0.37 g, 3.6 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (177 mg, 91%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.21-1.40 (36H, m), 1.49-1.63 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.6 Hz), 2.01-2.08 (4H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.78 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.65-4.72 (1H, m), 5.29-5.42 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 564 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 564.5359 (0.3 mDa).

Reference Example 19 (19Z,22Z)-Octacosa-19,22-dien-3-yn-11-one

To a solution of (9Z,12Z)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-octacosa-9,12-dienamide (1.00 g, 3.09 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 15 in tetrahydrofuran (6.2 mL), a solution of 0.5 N (decyn-7-ynyl)magnesium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (12.4 mL, 6.20 mmol) was added dropwise over 3 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 6 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (1.03 g, 83%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.11 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.23-1.61 (24H, m), 2.01-2.08 (4H, m), 2.11-2.19 (4H, m), 2.36-2.41 (4H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 5.29-5.42 (4H, m).

Reference Example 20 (19Z,22Z)-Octacosa-19,22-dien-3-yn-11-ol

To a solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-3-yn-11-one (1.0 g, 2.56 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 19 in methanol (7.7 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (7.7 mL), sodium borohydride (0.097 g, 2.6 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.78 g, 75%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.11 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.24-1.52 (28H, m), 2.02-2.08 (4H, m), 2.11-2.19 (4H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 3.55-3.62 (1H, m), 5.30-5.42 (4H, m).

Example 16 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-3-yn-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-99)

A solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-3-yn-11-ol (0.15 g, 0.37 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 20 and pyridine (0.19 g, 2.4 mmol) in toluene (3.7 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.076 g, 0.26 mmol) in toluene (0.5 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 2 hours, 3-dimethylamino 1-propanol (0.40 g, 3.9 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (183 mg, 93%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.11 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.23-1.64 (28H, m), 1.85 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.3 Hz), 2.01-2.08 (4H, m), 2.10-2.19 (4H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.71 (1H, m), 5.29-5.42 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 532 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 532.4739 (0.9 mDa).

Reference Example 21 (3Z,19Z,22Z)-Octacosa-3,19,22-trien-11-ol

To nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate (0.24 g, 0.97 mmol), ethanol (12 mL) was added under the hydrogen gas atmosphere, and a solution of sodium borohydride (0.037 g, 0.97 mmol) in ethanol (6 mL) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 15 minutes, ethylenediamine (0.23 g, 3.9 mmol) was added, and the mixture was further stirred for 15 minutes. Subsequently, a solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-3-yn-11-ol (0.39 g, 0.97 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 20 in ethanol (6 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5.5 hours under the hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was diluted with a 20% solution of ethyl acetate in hexane and subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.37 g, 95%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 0.95 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.23-1.48 (28H, m), 1.99-2.08 (8H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 3.55-3.61 (1H, m), 5.29-5.42 (6H, m).

Example 17 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(3Z,19Z,22Z)-octacosa-3,19,22-trien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-87)

A solution of (3Z,19Z,22Z)-octacosa-3,19,22-trien-11-ol (0.15 g, 0.37 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 21 and pyridine (0.19 g, 2.4 mmol) in toluene (3.7 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.075 g, 0.26 mmol) in toluene (0.5 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 2 hours, 3-dimethylamino 1-propanol (0.40 g, 3.9 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (136 mg, 69%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 0.95 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.22-1.40 (24H, m), 1.49-1.64 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.3 Hz), 1.97-2.08 (8H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.17 (2H, J=6.6 Hz), 4.65-4.71 (1H, m), 5.27-5.43 (6H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 534 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 534.4891 (0.5 mDa).

Example 18 4-(Dimethylamino)butyl(11Z,14Z)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl]icosa-11,14-dien-1-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-478)

A solution of (11Z,14Z)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl]icosa-11,14-dien-1-ol (0.15 g, 0.28 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 14 and pyridine (0.14 g, 1.8 mmol) in toluene (0.6 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.06 g, 0.19 mmol) in toluene (0.24 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was heated to 10° C., stirred for 30 minutes, and cooled to 0° C. again. 4-Dimethylamino 1-butanol (0.35 g, 2.9 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (80 mg, 42%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.86-0.92 (6H, m), 1.20-1.40 (40H, m), 1.50-1.59 (2H, m), 1.63-1.74 (3H, m), 2.01-2.09 (8H, m), 2.21 (6H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.78 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.02 (2H, d, J=5.9 Hz), 4.14 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 5.29-5.43 (8H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 686 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 686.6461 (1.0 mDa).

Reference Example 22 Octacosan-11-ol

To a solution of octadecanal (0.62 g) in tetrahydrofuran (2.3 mL), a solution of 1 N n-decyl magnesium bromide in diethyl ether (4.6 mL, 4.6 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 20 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a white waxy solid (0.34 g, 36%).

Example 19 3-(Dimethylamino)propyloctacosan-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-8)

A solution of octacosan-11-ol (0.11 g, 0.27 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 22 and pyridine (0.13 g, 1.7 mmol) in toluene (2.7 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.055 g, 0.18 mmol) in toluene (0.40 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.29 g, 2.8 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (114 mg, 79%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.22-1.35 (46H, m), 1.48-1.64 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.17 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.72 (1H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 540 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+)m/z540.5344 (−1.2 mDa).

Reference Example 23 (Z)-N-Methoxy-N-methyloctadec-9-enamide

To a solution of oleic acid (10.3 g, 36.3 mmol) and N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (7.08 g, 72.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (250 mL), 1-hydroxybenzimidazole hydrate (11.1 g, 72.6 mmol), triethylamine (7.34 g, 72.6 mmol), and 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (13.9 g, 72.6 mmol) were added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (12.1 g, 99%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.22-1.37 (20H, m), 1.63 (2H, quint, J=7.3 Hz), 1.97-2.04 (4H, m), 2.41 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.68 (3H, s), 5.31-5.38 (2H, m).

Reference Example 24 (Z)-Octacos-19-en-11-one

To a solution of (Z)-N-methoxy-N-methyloctadec-9-enamide (0.50 g, 1.5 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 23 in tetrahydrofuran (7.7 mL), a solution of 1 N n-decyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran (3.1 mL, 3.1 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 1 hour and subsequently at 60° C. for 30 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, volatile matter was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.59 g, 93%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.90 (6H, m), 1.20-1.36 (34H, m), 1.52-1.60 (4H, m), 1.98-2.04 (4H, m), 2.38 (4H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 5.32-5.38 (2H, m).

Reference Example 25 (Z)-Octacos-19-en-11-ol

To a solution of (Z)-octacosa-19-en-11-one (0.59 g, 1.4 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 24 in methanol (4.3 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (4.3 mL), sodium borohydride (0.054 g, 1.4 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 60 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.45 g, 77%).

Example 20 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(19Z)-octacos-19-en-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-16)

A solution of (Z)-octacosa-19-en-11-ol (0.45 g, 1.1 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 25 and pyridine (0.55 g, 6.9 mmol) in toluene (11 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.23 g, 6.9 mmol) in toluene (1.7 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (1.2 g, 12 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (530 mg, 89%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (6H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.21-1.37 (38H, m), 1.49-1.62 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.6 Hz), 1.97-2.04 (4H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.65-4.71 (1H, m), 5.32-5.37 (2H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 538 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 538.5193 (−0.6 mDa).

Reference Example 26 Octadeca-9,12,15-triyn-1-ol

To a solution of 9-decyn-1-ol (5.15 g, 33.4 mmol) and 1-bromoocta-2,5-diyne (known compound, 6.18 g, 33.4 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (66 mL), sodium iodide (5.56 g, 37.1 mmol), potassium carbonate (10.2 g, 74.1 mmol), and copper(I) iodide (7.06 g, 37.1 mmol) were added in this order, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. Insoluble matter was removed through celite. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solvent, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (8.40, 97%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.12 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.24-1.42 (10H, m), 1.48 (2H, tt, J=7.1, 7.6 Hz), 1.57 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.1 Hz), 2.12-2.21 (4H, m), 3.14 (2H, s), 3.14 (2H, s), 3.64 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz).

Reference Example 27 Octadeca-9,12,15-triynoic acid

To a solution of octadeca-9,12,15-triyn-1-ol (8.40 g, 32.5 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 26 and triethylamine (16.4 g, 163 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (97 mL), sulfur trioxide-pyridine (12.9 g, 81.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the obtained brown liquid was dissolved in tert-butyl alcohol (130 mL) and 2-methyl-2-butene (18 mL). To the solution, a solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (11.2 g, 71.5 mmol) and sodium chlorite (6.47 g, 71.5 mmol) in water (130 mL) was added dropwise over 5 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 50 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solvent, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a yellow solid (6.13 g, 69%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.12 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.27-1.41 (6H, m), 1.48 (2H, tt, J=7.1, 7.3 Hz), 1.64 (2H, tt, J=7.1, 7.6 Hz), 2.12-2.20 (4H, m), 2.35 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.14 (4H, s).

Reference Example 28 N-Methoxy-N-methyloctadeca-9,12,15-triynamide

To a solution of octadeca-9,12,15-triynoic acid (5.13 g, 18.8 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 27 and N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.67 g, 37.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (132 mL), 1-hydroxybenzimidazole hydrate (5.77 g, 37.7 mmol), triethylamine (3.81 g, 37.7 mmol), and 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (7.22 g, 37.7 mmol) were added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (4.00 g, 67%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.12 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.29-1.41 (6H, m), 1.48 (2H, tt, J=7.1, 7.3 Hz), 1.63 (2H, quint, J=7.3 Hz), 2.11-2.20 (4H, m), 2.41 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 3.14 (4H, s), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.68 (3H, s).

Reference Example 29 Octacosa-19,22,25-triyn-11-one

To a solution of N-methoxy-N-methyloctadec-9,12,15-triynamide (1.00 g, 3.17 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 28 in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL), a solution of 1 N n-decyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran (6.34 mL, 6.34 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 1 hour and subsequently at 60° C. for 30 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, volatile matter was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.40 g, 32%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.12 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.20-1.39 (20H, m), 1.47 (2H, tt, J=7.1, 7.3 Hz), 1.51-1.59 (4H, m), 2.12-2.20 (4H, m), 2.38 (4H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.14 (4H, s).

Reference Example 30 Octacosa-19,22,25-triyn-11-ol

To a solution of octacosa-19,22,25-triyn-11-one (0.40 g, 1.0 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 29 in methanol (3.0 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (3.0 mL), sodium borohydride (0.038 g, 1.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 60 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.25 g, 62%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.12 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.21-1.52 (30H, m), 2.12-2.20 (4H, m), 3.14 (2H, s), 3.14 (2H, s), 3.55-3.60 (1H, m).

Reference Example 31 3-(Dimethylamino)propyloctacosa-19,22,25-triyn-11-yl carbonate

A solution of octacosa-19,22,25-triyn-11-ol (0.25 g, 0.63 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 30 and pyridine (0.31 g, 4.0 mmol) in toluene (6.2 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.13 g, 0.43 mmol) in toluene (0.9 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.68 g, 6.6 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 2.5 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.22 g, 66%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 1.12 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.20-1.60 (30H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.6 Hz), 2.11-2.20 (4H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.14 (4H, s), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.65-4.71 (1H, m).

Example 21 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(19Z,22Z,25Z)-octacosa-19,22,25-trien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-164)

To nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate (0.104 g, 0.417 mmol), ethanol (5.0 mL) was added under the hydrogen gas atmosphere, and a solution of sodium borohydride (0.015 g, 0.417 mmol) in ethanol (2.5 mL) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 15 minutes, ethylenediamine (0.100 g, 1.67 mmol) was added, and the mixture was further stirred for 15 minutes. Subsequently, a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyloctacosa-19,22,25-triyn-11-yl carbonate (0.220 g, 0.417 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 31 in ethanol (2.5 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature under the hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was diluted with a hexane solution and subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid.

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 0.98 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.20-1.39 (26H, m), 1.49-1.62 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.3 Hz), 1.99-2.11 (4H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 2.78-2.83 (4H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.65-4.71 (1H, m), 5.28-5.43 (6H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 534 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 534.4885 (−0.1 mDa).

Reference Example 32 Methyl (9Z,12R)-12-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}octadec-9-enoate

To a solution of methyl ricinolate (16.7 g, 53.4 mmol) and imidazole (7.28 g, 107 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (53.4 mL), tert-butyl(dimethyl)silane chloride (12.1 g, 80.2 mmol) was added over 2 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with water, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (23.2 g, 99%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.03-0.06 (6H, m), 0.86-0.90 (12H, m), 1.22-1.45 (18H, m), 1.62 (2H, tt, J=6.8, 7.6 Hz), 2.01 (2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 2.18 (2H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 2.30 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.65 (1H, quint, J=5.9 Hz), 3.67 (3H, s), 5.33-5.45 (2H, m).

Reference Example 33 (5R,7Z,24Z,27R)-5,27-Dihexyl-2,2,3,3,29,29,30,30-octamethyl-4,28-dioxa-3,29-disilahentriaconta-7,24-dien-16-one

To a solution of methyl (9Z,12R)-12-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}octadec-9-enoate (12 g, 28.1 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 32 in xylene (15 mL), a suspension of sodium hydride (1.37 g, 64%, 36.6 mmol) washed in advance with hexane in xylene (5 mL) was added over 5 minute, and the mixture was then reacted at 150° C. for 5.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with hexane. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain an oil. To this oil, tetrahydrofuran (120 mL) and a 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (28 mL) were added, and the mixture was reacted at 90° C. for 5.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with hexane. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (7.24 g, 67%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.03-0.06 (12H, m), 0.86-0.90 (24H, m), 1.21-1.45 (36H, m), 1.51-1.59 (4H, m), 2.01 (4H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 2.18 (4H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 2.38 (4H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 3.65 (2H, quint, J=5.9 Hz), 5.32-5.46 (4H, m).

Reference Example 34 (5R,7Z,24Z,27R)-5,27-Dihexyl-2,2,3,3,29,29,30,30-octamethyl-4,28-dioxa-3,29-disilahentriaconta-7,24-dien-16-ol

To a solution of (5R,7Z,24Z,27R)-5,27-dihexyl-2,2,3,3,29,29,30,30-octamethyl-4,28-dioxa-3,29-disilahentriaconta-7,24-dien-16-one (5.5 g, 7.2 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 33 in methanol (22 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (22 mL), sodium borohydride (0.27 g, 7.2 mmol) was added over 2 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, volatile matter was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (5.0 g, 91%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.03-0.05 (12H, m), 0.86-0.90 (24H, m), 1.22-1.47 (44H, m), 2.01 (4H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 2.18 (4H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 3.55-3.61 (1H, m), 3.65 (2H, quint, J=5.9 Hz), 5.34-5.46 (4H, m).

Reference Example 35 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(5R,7Z,24Z,27R)-5,27-dihexyl-2,2,3,3,29,29,30,30-octamethyl-4,28-dioxa-3,29-disilahentriaconta-7,24-dien-16-yl carbonate

To a solution of (5R,7Z,24Z,27R)-5,27-dihexyl-2,2,3,3,29,29,30,30-octamethyl-4,28-dioxa-3,29-disilahentriaconta-7,24-dien-16-ol (1.00 g, 1.31 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 34 and pyridine (0.651 g, 8.23 mmol) in toluene (13.1 mL), a solution of triphosgene (0.268 g, 0.690 mmol) in toluene (1.96 mL) was added over 1 minute. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol (1.42 g, 13.7 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (1.15 g, 98%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.03-0.05 (12H, m), 0.88 (6H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 0.89 (18H, s), 1.21-1.46 (40H, m), 1.49-1.62 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.8, 7.3 Hz), 2.01 (4H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 2.18 (4H, t, J=5.9 Hz), 2.22 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 3.65 (2H, quint, J=5.9 Hz), 4.17 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 4.65-4.71 (1H, m), 5.33-5.46 (4H, m).

Example 22 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(7R,9Z,26Z,29R)-7,29-dihydroxypentatriaconta-9,26-dien-18-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-308)

To 3-(dimethylamino)propyl(5R,7Z,24Z,27R)-5,27-dihexyl-2,2,3,3,29,29,30,30-octamethyl-4,28-dioxa-3,29-disilahentriaconta-7,24-dien-16-yl carbonate (1.15 g, 1.29 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 35, a solution of 1 N tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (19.3 mL, 19.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.56 g, 65%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (6H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.23-1.38 (36H, m), 1.40-1.50 (4H, m), 1.50-1.62 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.8, 7.3 Hz), 2.04 (4H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 2.21 (4H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 3.57-3.64 (2H, m), 4.17 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 4.65-4.71 (1H, m), 5.37-5.44 (1H, m), 5.54-5.58 (1H, m).

Example 23 (7R,9Z,26Z,29R)-18-({[3-(Dimethylamino)propoxy]carbonyl}oxy)pentatriaconta-9,26-diene-7,29-diyl diacetate (Exemplary Compound 1-233)

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl(7R,9Z,26Z,29R)-7,29-dihydroxypentatriaconta-9,26-dien-18-yl carbonate (0.15 g, 0.23 mmol) obtained in Example 22 and pyridine (0.36 g, 4.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.5 mL), acetic acid chloride (0.18 g, 2.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (155 mg, 92%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.22-1.38 (40H, m), 1.49-1.63 (8H, m), 1.85 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.3 Hz), 1.98-2.05 (10H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.24-2.33 (4H, m), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.65-4.71 (1H, m), 4.87 (2H, quint, J=6.3 Hz), 5.29-5.36 (2H, m), 5.44-5.50 (2H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 750 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 750.6247 (−0.1 mDa).

Example 24 (7R,9Z,26Z,29R)-7,29-Dihexyl-2,5-dioxo-1,6-dioxacyclononacosa-9,26-dien-18-yl 3-(dimethylamino)propyl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-319)

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl(7R,9Z,26Z,29R)-7,29-dihydroxypentatriaconta-9,26-dien-18-yl carbonate (1.19 g, 1.72 mmol) obtained in Example 22 and pyridine (1.13 g, 14.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL), a solution of succinic acid chloride (0.186 g, 1.20 mmol) in dichloromethane (13 mL) was added dropwise over 1.5 hours, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (20 mg, 1%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (6H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.21-1.39 (40H, m), 1.51-1.63 (8H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.3 Hz), 1.98-2.07 (4H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.28 (2H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.32 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.60 (4H, s), 4.17 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.68 (1H, quint, J=6.1 Hz), 4.86-4.92 (2H, m), 5.29-5.36 (2H, m), 5.43-5.50 (2H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 748 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 748.6091 (0.0 mDa).

Reference Example 36 (11Z,14Z)-N-Methoxy-N-methylicosa-11,14-dienamide

To a solution of (11Z,14Z)-icosa-11,14-dienoate (compound 3 described in Chem. Lett. 1998, 2, 175, 4.45 g, 14.4 mmol) and N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.87 g, 28.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (71 mL), 1-hydroxybenzimidazole hydrate (3.90 g, 28.9 mmol), triethylamine (2.95 g, 28.9 mmol), and 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (5.53 g, 28.9 mmol) were added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (5.00 g, 99%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.24-1.40 (18H, m), 1.62 (2H, quint, J=7.4 Hz), 2.02-2.07 (4H, m), 2.41 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.68 (3H, s), 5.29-5.43 (4H, m).

Reference Example 37 (21Z,24Z)-Triaconta-21,24-dien-11-ol

To a solution of (11Z,14Z)-N-methoxy-N-methylicosa-11,14-dienamide (0.50 g, 1.4 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 36 in tetrahydrofuran (6.3 mL), a solution of 1 N n-decyl magnesium bromide in diethyl ether (4.3 mL, 4.3 mmol) was added dropwise over 3 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 1.5 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography. To a solution of the obtained oil in methanol (5.4 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (5.4 mL), sodium borohydride (0.05 g, 1.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 30 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a mixture containing the compound of interest.

Example 25 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(21Z,24Z)-triaconta-21,24-dien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-444)

To a solution of (21Z,24Z)-triaconta-21,24-dien-11-ol (0.15 g, 0.35 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 37 and pyridine (0.17 g, 2.18 mmol) in toluene (0.7 mL), a solution of triphosgene (0.07 g, 0.25 mmol) in toluene (0.29 mL) was added over 2 minutes. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, 3-dimethylamino 1-propanol (0.37 g, 3.6 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (100 mg, 51%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.21-1.40 (36H, m), 1.49-1.61 (4H, m), 1.85 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.6 Hz), 2.01-2.08 (4H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.65-4.72 (1H, m), 5.29-5.42 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 564 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 564.5352 (−0.4 mDa).

Example 26 (19Z,22Z)-Octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl 3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-77)

A solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-ol (0.200 g, 0.492 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 17 and pyridine (0.245 g, 3.10 mmol) in toluene (4.9 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.101 g, 0.339 mmol) in toluene (0.74 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol (0.667 g, 5.16 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (127 mg, 46%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 0.89 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.20-1.40 (32H, m), 1.48-1.64 (4H, m), 1.74-1.81 (4H, m), 1.90 (2H, tt, J=6.7, 7.4 Hz), 2.01-2.09 (4H, m), 2.45-2.54 (4H, m), 2.53 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.19 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.70 (1H, tt, J=5.5, 7.0 Hz), 5.28-5.43 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 562 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 562.5203 (0.4 mDa).

Reference Example 38 (19Z,22R)-22-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}octacos-19-en-11-one

To a solution of methyl (9Z,12R)-12-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}octadec-9-enoate (2.00 g, 4.69 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 32 and methyl undecanoate (2.82 g, 14.1 mmol) in xylene (20 mL), a suspension of sodium hydride (0.879 g, 64%, 23.4 mmol) washed in advance with hexane in xylene (8 mL) was added over 5 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at 150° C. for 6.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with hexane-ethyl acetate. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain an oil. To this oil, tetrahydrofuran (94 mL) and a 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (23 mL) were added, and the mixture was reacted at 90° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with hexane. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain a liquid containing the compound of interest (3.41 g, containing impurities).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.03-0.05 (6H, m), 0.85-0.91 (15H, m), 1.21-1.44 (36H, m), 1.50-1.60 (4H, m), 1.97-2.04 (2H, m), 2.18 (2H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 2.38 (4H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.61-3.68 (1H, m), 5.33-5.46 (2H, m).

Reference Example 39 (19Z,22R)-22-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}octacos-19-en-11-ol

To a solution of the mixture containing (19Z,22R)-22-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}octacos-19-en-11-one (3.41 g)) obtained in Reference Example 38 in methanol (24 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (24 mL), sodium borohydride (0.30 g, 8.0 mmol) was added over 2 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 1.5 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, volatile matter was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain a liquid containing the compound of interest (3.54 g, containing impurities).

Reference Example 40 (19Z,22R)-22-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}octacos-19-en-11-yl 3-(dimethylamino)propyl carbonate

A solution of the mixture containing (19Z,22R)-22-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}octacos-19-en-11-ol (3.54 g) obtained in Reference Example 39 and pyridine (4.00 g, 50.6 mmol) in toluene (78.8 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (1.62 g, 5.45 mmol) in toluene (11.8 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (8.81 g, 85.4 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain a liquid containing the compound of interest (2.58 g, containing impurities).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.03-0.06 (6H, m), 0.85-0.91 (15H, m), 1.23-1.64 (40H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.7, 7.4 Hz), 1.97-2.04 (2H, m), 2.15-2.20 (2H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.61-3.68 (1H, m), 4.17 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.69 (1H, tt, J=5.5, 7.0 Hz), 5.32-5.46 (2H, m).

Example 27 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(19Z,22R)-22-hydroxyoctacos-19-en-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-298)

To the mixture containing (19Z,22R)-22-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}octacos-19-en-11-yl 3-(dimethylamino)propyl carbonate (2.58 g,) obtained in Reference Example 40, a solution of 1 N tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (23.2 mL, 23.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.500 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 0.89 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.20-1.38 (28H, m), 1.40-1.62 (8H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.7, 7.4 Hz), 2.01-2.08 (2H, m), 2.18-2.23 (2H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.61 (1H, tt, J=5.3, 5.9 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.69 (1H, tt, J=5.5, 6.3 Hz), 5.36-5.45 (1H, m), 5.52-5.60 (1H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 554 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 554.5146 (−0.2 mDa).

Example 28 (7R,9Z)-18-({[3-(Dimethylamino)propyloxy]carbonyl}oxy)octacos-9-en-7-yl acetate (Exemplary Compound 1-212)

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl(19Z,22R)-22-hydroxyoctacos-19-en-11-yl carbonate (0.20 g, 0.36 mmol) obtained in Example 27 and pyridine (0.57 g, 7.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (7.2 mL), acetyl chloride (0.28 g, 3.6 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (42 mg, 20%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 0.89 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 1.20-1.37 (32H, m), 1.48-1.61 (4H, m), 1.85 (2H, tt, J=6.7, 7.4 Hz), 1.97-2.02 (2H, m), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.28 (2H, dd, J=6.3, 7.0 Hz), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.69 (1H, tt, J=5.5, 6.3 Hz), 4.87 (1H, quint, J=6.3 Hz), 5.32 (1H, dtt, J=11.0, 1.6, 7.0 Hz), 5.47 (dtt, J=11.0, 1.6, 7.0 Hz).

MS (ESI+) m/z 596 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 596.5269 (1.5 mDa).

Reference Example 41 1,15-Bis[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]pentadecan-8-one

To a solution of methyl 8-[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]octanoate (intermediate of compound 6 described in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2003, 13, 1037, 1.50 g, 4.48 mmol) in xylene (6.0 mL), a suspension of sodium hydride (0.219 g, 64%, 5.83 mmol) washed in advance with hexane in xylene (0.7 mL) was added over 2 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted at 150° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with hexane. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain an oil. To this oil, tetrahydrofuran (22.4 mL) and a 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (5.4 mL) were added, and the mixture was reacted at 90° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then treated with water, and subjected to extraction with a hexane-ethyl acetate mixed solution. The obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.294 g, 23%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: (−0.32)-(−0.17) (6H, m), 0.57-1.61 (60H, m), 2.38 (4H, t, J=7.4 Hz).

Reference Example 42 1,15-Bis[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]pentadecan-8-ol

To a solution of 1,15-bis[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]pentadecan-8-one (0.29 g, 0.51 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 41 in methanol (1.5 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (1.5 mL), sodium borohydride (0.019 g, 0.51 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 90 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.23 g, 78%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: (−0.32)-(−0.16) (6H, m), 0.57-1.60 (64H, m), 3.54-3.63 (1H, m).

Example 29 1,15-Bis[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]pentadecan-8-yl 3-dimethylaminopropyl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-200)

A solution of 1,15-bis[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]pentadecan-8-ol (0.13 g, 0.22 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 42 and pyridine (0.11 g, 1.4 mmol) in toluene (2.2 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.046 g, 0.15 mmol) in toluene (0.34 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 20 minutes, then heated to room temperature, stirred for 40 minutes, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.24 g, 2.4 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (150 mg, 94%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: (−0.32)-(−0.16) (6H, m), 0.56-1.66 (64H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.7, 7.4 Hz), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.17 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.70 (1H, tt, J=5.5, 7.0 Hz).

MS (ESI+) m/z 710 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 710.6463 (1.2 mDa).

Reference Example 43 8-[2-({2-[(2-Ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]-N-methoxy-N-methyloctanamide

To a solution of methyl 8-[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]octanoate (compound 6 described in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2003, 13, 1037, 3.00 g, 9.36 mmol) and N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.83 g, 18.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (65.5 mL), 1-hydroxybenzimidazole hydrate (2.87 g, 18.7 mmol), triethylamine (1.89 g, 18.7 mmol), and 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (3.59 g, 18.7 mmol) were added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (3.08 g, 91%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: (−0.32)-(−0.17) (3H, m), 0.57-1.56 (28H, m), 1.57-1.67 (2H, m), 2.41 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.68 (3H, s).

Reference Example 44 1-[2-({2-[(2-Ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]octadecan-8-one

A solution of 8-[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]-N-methoxy-N-methyloctanamide (2.00 g, 5.50 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 43 in tetrahydrofuran (24.5 mL) was cooled to 15° C. in a water bath. A solution of 1 N n-decyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran (8.25 mL, 8.25 mmol) was added dropwise thereto over 15 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (1.56 g, 64%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: (−0.32)-(−0.17) (3H, m), 0.57-1.62 (49H, m), 2.38 (4H, t, J=7.4 Hz).

Reference Example 45 1-[2-({2-[(2-Ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]octadecan-8-ol

To a solution of 1-[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]octadecan-8-one (1.56 g, 3.51 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 44 in methanol (10.5 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (10.5 mL), sodium borohydride (0.133 g, 3.51 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then reacted at room temperature for 90 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (1.50 g, 96%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: (−0.32)-(−0.17) (3H, m), 0.57-1.56 (53H, m), 3.54-3.62 (1H, m).

Example 30 3-Dimethylaminopropyl1-[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]octadecan-8-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-188)

A solution of 1-[2-({2-[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]octadecan-8-ol (0.25 g, 0.56 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 45 and pyridine (0.28 g, 3.5 mmol) in toluene (5.6 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.12 g, 0.39 mmol) in toluene (0.84 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 20 minutes, then heated to room temperature, stirred for 40 minutes, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.61 g, 5.9 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (155 mg, 48%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: (−0.32)-(−0.16) (3H, m), 0.57-1.65 (53H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.7, 7.4 Hz), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.67 (1H, tt, J=5.5, 7.0 Hz).

MS (ESI+) m/z 576 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 576.5367 (1.1 mDa).

Example 31 Preparation of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

A lipid solution having a total lipid concentration of 25 mM in 90% ethanol with distearoylphosphatidylcholine (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: hereinafter, referred to as DSPC, NOF CORPORATION), cholesterol (hereinafter, referred to as Chol, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.), the compound described in Example 1, 2, 3, or 8 (hereinafter, referred to as LP), and N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]4,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (hereinafter, referred to as PEG-C-DMA) were prepared at a molar ratio of DSPC:Chol:LP:PEG-C-DMA=20:48:30:2.

A polynucleotide CT-157: HO—P(═O)(OH)—O-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-T^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-T^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-T^(p)-U^(mlt)-H (SEQ ID NO: 2 of the Sequence Listing) (polynucleotide containing a sequence complementary to nucleotide positions 3139-3157 of the human β-catenin gene (GenBank accession No. NM_001904.3)) and

a polynucleotide CT-169: HO-G^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-C^(mlp)-A^(p)-A^(mlp)-G^(p)-A^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-G^(p)-G^(mlp)-A^(p)-U^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlp)-C^(p)-A^(mlt)-H (SEQ ID NO: 1 of the Sequence Listing) (containing a sequence of nucleotide positions 3139-3156 of the human β-catenin gene (GenBank accession No. NM_001904.3)) described in Examples 45 and 51 of International Publication No. WO 2010/001909 were synthesized using a DNA synthesizer, placed in an amount of 300 pmol/tube, and dried under reduced pressure. 30 μL of an siRNA suspension buffer (Qiagen N.V.) was added thereto, and the mixture was heated at 65° C. for 1 minute and then left at room temperature for 5 minutes for annealing to obtain a 10 μM double-stranded polynucleotide solution. Then, the concentration of the solution was adjusted to 1 mg/mL with a citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) to obtain a double-stranded polynucleotide solution. The lipid solution and the double-stranded polynucleotide solution were heated to 37° C. and mixed (100 μL each). Subsequently, 200 μL of a citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, 300 mM NaCl, pH 6.0) was added thereto, and the mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion. The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was dialyzed against approximately 100 mL of a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) for 12 to 18 hours (Float-A-Lyzer G2, MWCO: 100 kD, Spectra/Por) for the removal of ethanol and the removal of unencapsulated double-stranded polynucleotides by neutralization to obtain a purified dispersion of an siRNA-encapsulated nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound described in Example 1, 2, 3, or 8. The control samples used were the compound described in Reference Example 2 and compound 1 described in WO2012/054365.

Example 32 Characterization of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

The nucleic acid lipid particle-containing dispersion prepared in Example 31 was characterized. Each characterization method will be described.

(1) Average Particle Size

The particle size of the liposome was measured using Zeta Potential/Particle Sizer NICOMP™ 380ZLS (Particle Sizing Systems, LLC). In the tables, the average particle size is indicated by a volume-average particle size, and the numeric value following±represents a deviation.

(2) Rate of Encapsulation of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide

The rate of encapsulation of the double-stranded polynucleotide was measured using Quant-iT RiboGreen RNA Assay kit (Invitrogen Corp.) according to the attached document.

Specifically, the double-stranded polynucleotide in the nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was quantified in the presence and absence of a 0.015% Triton X-100 detergent, and the rate of encapsulation was calculated according to the following expression:

{[Amount of the double-stranded polynucleotide in the presence of the detergent]−[Amount of the double-stranded polynucleotide in the absence of the detergent]}/[Amount of the double-stranded polynucleotide in the presence of the detergent]}×100 (%)

(3) Ratio of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide to Lipid

The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was mixed with acetonitrile and chloroform at a ratio of 1:1:1 and centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 2 minutes. Then, the aqueous layer obtained as an upper layer was recovered, followed by the extraction of the double-stranded polynucleotide. The amount of the double-stranded polynucleotide in the sample was measured by ion-exchange chromatography (system: Agilent 1100 series, column: TSKgel DEAE-2SW (2.6×150 mm) (Tosoh Corp), buffer A: 20% acetonitrile, buffer B: 20% acetonitrile and 1.6 M ammonium formate, gradient (B%): 30-55% (0-20 min), flow rate: 1 mL/min, temperature: 40° C., detection: 260 nm).

The amount of the phospholipid in the nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was measured using Phospholipid C-Test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) according to the attached document. Specifically, the phospholipid in the sample was quantified in the presence of a 1% Triton X-100 detergent.

The amounts of cholesterol and LP in the nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion were measured by reverse-phase chromatography (system: Agilent 1100 series, column: Chromolith Performance RP-18 endcapped 100-3 monolithic HPLC-column (Merck), buffer A: 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, buffer B: 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid and methanol, gradient (B%): 87-92% (0-10 min), flow rate: 2 mL/min, temperature: 50° C., detection: 205 nm).

The total amount of lipids was calculated from the amount of the phospholipid and the compositional ratio of lipid components constituting the liposome, and the ratio of the polynucleotide to the lipid was calculated from the aforementioned amount of the polynucleotide and the total amount of lipids according to the following expression:

[Double-stranded polynucleotide concentration]/[Total lipid concentration] (wt/wt)

The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Ratio of Rate of polynucleotide polynucleotide to lipid Average encapsulation siRNA/lipid particle size LP name (%) (wt/wt) (nm) Reference Example 2 89.0 0.104 139 ± 50 Example 1 94.3 0.109 183 ± 41 Example 2 96.3 0.099 215 ± 70 Example 3 98.6 0.099 187 ± 31

The total amount of lipids was calculated from the amount of the phospholipid, the amount of cholesterol, and the amount of LP, and the compositional ratio of lipid components constituting the liposome, and the ratio of the polynucleotide to the lipid was calculated from the aforementioned amount of the polynucleotide and the total amount of lipids according to the following expression:

[Double-stranded polynucleotide concentration]/[Total lipid concentration] (wt/wt)

The results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Ratio of Rate of polynucleotide polynucleotide to lipid Average encapsulation siRNA/lipid particle size LP name (%) (wt/wt) (nm) Compound 1 93.0 0.075 138 ± 24 Example 8 96.4 0.072 157 ± 46

These results showed that the double-stranded polynucleotide was encapsulated in the lipid particle, and this nucleic acid lipid particle had an average particle size of approximately 100 nm to approximately 300 nm.

Test Example 1

As described below, the strength of human β-catenin gene expression inhibitory activity was compared among nucleic acid lipid particles each prepared using a novel lipid.

(1) Transfection

The concentration of a human colorectal cancer SW480 cell line (derived from human colorectal adenocarcinoma) was adjusted to 50,000 cells/mL in an RPMI1640 medium (manufactured by Invitrogen Corp.) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (culture medium). Then, the resulting culture solution was inoculated at 100 μL/well to a 96-well flat-bottomed plate (manufactured by Corning Inc./Falcon) and cultured at 37° C. for 1 day under 5.0% CO₂. The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion prepared in Example 31 was diluted with a culture medium to prepare dilution series having final double-stranded polynucleotide concentrations of 30, 3.0, 0.3, and 0.03 nM in the medium. Then, each dilution was added to the cells after removal of the culture supernatant, and the culture was further continued for 3 days. This operation was performed at N=3 for each concentration.

(2) Real-Time PCR

A lysate and cDNA for real-time PCR measurement were prepared from the transfected cells using TaqMan(R) Fast-Cells-to-Ct kit (Life Technologies, Inc./Ambion) according to the instruction manual. In the lysate preparation, Lysis Solution supplemented with DNase I was used. The probes for real-time PCR used were TaqMan(R) Gene Expression Assays (CTNNB1, FAM probe) (Hs00355045_m1, manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) for the human β-catenin gene and a human GAPDH gene probe as an internal standard (VIC probe, Hs99999905_m1, manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.). 5 μL of TaqMan(R) Fast Advanced Master Mix, 2 μL of RNase-Free Water, 0.5 μL of each gene probe, and 2 μL of the prepared cDNA solution were added per well of a 384-well PCR plate (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) to bring the total amount to 10 μL, which was then loaded in ViiA™ 7 Real-time PCR system (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) and subjected to PCR under conditions given below. The real-time PCR was carried out at N=4 for the cDNA prepared from the lysate.

PCR initial activation: 95° C. for 20 seconds

-   -   PCR: 95° C. for 1 second     -   62° C. for 20 seconds

This PCR cycle was repetitively performed 40 times.

(3) Real-Time PCR Analysis

The quantitative analysis was conducted by the ΔΔCt method. A value (ΔΔCt) was determined by subtracting ΔCt of an untreated cell (═NC) from the difference in Ct value (ΔCt) between human β-catenin and human GAPDH of each transfectant, and a relative value (RQ) to NC was calculated according to the following expression:

RQ=2^(−ΔΔCt)

When RQ=1 was defined as 0% rate of inhibition and RQ=0 was defined as theoretical 100% rate of inhibition, the IC₅₀ value of the nucleic acid lipid particle was calculated using GraphPad PRISM (GraphPad Software Inc.). As a result, as shown in Table 5, the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound of Example 1, 2, or 3 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against β-catenin gene expression, as compared with the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the lipid of Reference Example 2 used as a control. These results demonstrated that the compounds of Examples 1, 2, and 3 are novel lipids useful for preparing nucleic acid lipid particles that exhibit strong activity.

TABLE 5 β-catenin gene expression inhibitory activity IC50 (nM) Reference Example 2 >30 Example 1 3.5 Example 2 6.8 Example 3 0.44

Test Example 2

As described below, the strength of human β-catenin gene expression inhibitory activity was compared among nucleic acid lipid particles each prepared using a novel lipid.

(1) Transfection

The concentration of a human liver cancer HepG2 cell line (derived from human liver cancer) was adjusted to 50000 cells/mL in a DMEM medium (manufactured by Invitrogen Corp.) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (culture medium). Then, the resulting culture solution was inoculated at 100 μL/well to a 96-well flat-bottomed plate (manufactured by Corning Inc./Falcon) and cultured at 37° C. for 1 day under 5.0% CO₂. The nucleic acid lipid particle-containing dispersion prepared in Example 31 was diluted with a culture medium to prepare dilution series having final double-stranded polynucleotide concentrations of 30, 3, 0.3, and 0.03 nM in the medium. Then, each dilution was added to the cells after removal of the culture supernatant, and the culture was further continued for 3 days. This operation was performed at N=3 for each concentration.

(2) Real-Time PCR

A lysate and cDNA for real-time PCR measurement were prepared from the transfected cells using TaqMan(R) Fast-Cells-to-Ct kit (Life Technologies, Inc./Ambion) according to the instruction manual. In the lysate preparation, Lysis Solution supplemented with DNase I was used. The probes for real-time PCR used were TaqMan(R) Gene Expression Assays (CTNNB1, FAM probe) (Hs00355045_m1, manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) for the human β-catenin gene and a human GAPDH gene probe as an internal standard (VIC probe, Hs99999905_m1, manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.). 5 μL of TaqMan(R) Fast Advanced Master Mix, 2 μL of RNase-Free Water, 0.5 μL of each gene probe, and 2 μL of the prepared cDNA solution were added per well of a 384-well PCR plate (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) to bring the total amount to 10 μL, which was then loaded in ViiA™ 7 Real-time PCR system (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) and subjected to PCR under conditions given below. The real-time PCR was carried out at N=4 for the cDNA prepared from the lysate.

PCR initial activation: 95° C. for 20 seconds

-   -   PCR: 95° C. for 1 second     -   62° C. for 20 seconds

This PCR cycle was repetitively performed 40 times.

(3) Real-Time PCR Analysis

The quantitative analysis was conducted by the ΔΔCt method. A value (ΔΔCt) was determined by subtracting ΔCt of an untreated cell (═NC) from the difference in Ct value (ΔCt) between human β-catenin and human GAPDH of each transfectant, and a relative value (RQ) to NC was calculated according to the following expression:

RQ=2^(−ΔΔCt)

When RQ=1 was defined as 0% rate of inhibition and RQ=0 was defined as theoretical 100% rate of inhibition, the IC₅₀ value of the nucleic acid lipid particle was calculated using GraphPad PRISM (GraphPad Software Inc.). As a result, as shown in Table 6, the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound of Example 1, 2, or 3 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against β-catenin gene expression, as compared with the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the lipid of Reference Example 2 used as a control. These results demonstrated that the compounds of Examples 1, 2, and 3 are novel lipids useful for preparing nucleic acid lipid particles that exhibit strong activity.

TABLE 6 β-catenin gene expression inhibitory activity IC50 (nM) Reference Example 2 >30 Example 1 0.38 Example 2 0.47 Example 3 0.35

Test Example 3

As described below, the strength of human β-catenin gene expression inhibitory activity was compared among nucleic acid lipid particles each prepared using a novel lipid.

(1) Transfection

The concentration of a human colorectal cancer SW480 cell line (derived from human colorectal adenocarcinoma) was adjusted to 50000 cells/mL in a RPMI1640 medium (manufactured by Invitrogen Corp.) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (culture medium). Then, the resulting culture solution was inoculated at 100 μL/well to a 96-well flat-bottomed plate (manufactured by Corning Inc./Falcon) and cultured at 37° C. for 1 day under 5.0% CO₂. The nucleic acid lipid particle-containing dispersion prepared in Example 31 was diluted with a culture medium to prepare dilution series having final double-stranded polynucleotide concentrations of 30, 3, 0.3, and 0.03 nM in the medium. Then, each dilution was added to the cells after removal of the culture supernatant, and the culture was further continued for 4 hours. This operation was performed at N=3 for each concentration.

(2) Real-Time PCR

A lysate and cDNA for real-time PCR measurement were prepared from the transfected cells using TaqMan(R) Fast-Cells-to-Ct kit (Life Technologies, Inc./Ambion) according to the instruction manual. In the lysate preparation, Lysis Solution supplemented with DNase I was used. The probes for real-time PCR used were TaqMan(R) Gene Expression Assays (CTNNB1, FAM probe) (Hs00355045_m1, manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) for the human β-catenin gene and a human GAPDH gene probe as an internal standard (VIC probe, Hs99999905_m1, manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.). 5 μL of TaqMan(R) Fast Advanced Master Mix, 2 μL of RNase-Free Water, 0.5 μL of each gene probe, and 2 μL of the prepared cDNA solution were added per well of a 384-well PCR plate (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) to bring the total amount to 10 μL, which was then loaded in ViiA™ 7 Real-time PCR system (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) and subjected to PCR under conditions given below. The real-time PCR was carried out at N=4 for the cDNA prepared from the lysate.

PCR initial activation: 95° C. for 20 seconds

-   -   PCR: 95° C. for 1 second     -   62° C. for 20 seconds

This PCR cycle was repetitively performed 40 times.

(3) Real-Time PCR Analysis

The quantitative analysis was conducted by the ΔΔCt method. A value (ΔΔCt) was determined by subtracting ΔCt of an untreated cell (═NC) from the difference in Ct value (ΔCt) between human β-catenin and human GAPDH of each transfectant, and a relative value (RQ) to NC was calculated according to the following expression:

RQ=2^(−ΔΔCt)

When RQ=1 was defined as 0% rate of inhibition and RQ=0 was defined as theoretical 100% rate of inhibition, the IC₅₀ value of the nucleic acid lipid particle was calculated using GraphPad PRISM (GraphPad Software Inc.). As a result, as shown in Table 7, the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound of Example 8 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against β-catenin gene expression, as compared with the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the lipid compound 1 used as a control. These results demonstrated that the compound of Example 8 is a novel lipid useful for preparing nucleic acid lipid particles that exhibit strong activity.

TABLE 7 β-catenin gene expression inhibitory activity IC50 (nM) Compound 1 >30 Example 8 8.3

Test Example 4

As described below, the strength of human β-catenin gene expression inhibitory activity was compared among nucleic acid lipid particles each prepared using a novel lipid.

(1) Transfection

The concentration of a human uterine cervix cancer Hela cell line (derived from human uterine cervix cancer) was adjusted to 50000 cells/mL in a DMEM medium (manufactured by Invitrogen Corp.) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (culture medium). Then, the resulting culture solution was inoculated at 100 μL/well to a 96-well flat-bottomed plate (manufactured by Corning Inc./Falcon) and cultured at 37° C. for 1 day under 5.0% CO₂. The nucleic acid lipid particle-containing dispersion prepared in Example 31 was diluted with a culture medium to prepare dilution series having final double-stranded polynucleotide concentrations of 30, 3, 0.3, and 0.03 nM in the medium. Then, each dilution was added to the cells after removal of the culture supernatant, and the culture was further continued for 4 hours. This operation was performed at N=3 for each concentration.

(2) Real-Time PCR

A lysate and cDNA for real-time PCR measurement were prepared from the transfected cells using TaqMan(R) Fast-Cells-to-Ct kit (Life Technologies, Inc./Ambion) according to the instruction manual. In the lysate preparation, Lysis Solution supplemented with DNase I was used. The probes for real-time PCR used were TaqMan(R) Gene Expression Assays (CTNNB1, FAM probe) (Hs00355045_m1, manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) for the human β-catenin gene and a human GAPDH gene probe as an internal standard (VIC probe, Hs99999905_m1, manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.). 5 μL of TaqMan(R) Fast Advanced Master Mix, 2 μL of RNase-Free Water, 0.5 μL of each gene probe, and 2 μL of the prepared cDNA solution were added per well of a 384-well PCR plate (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) to bring the total amount to 10 μL, which was then loaded in ViiA™ 7 Real-time PCR system (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) and subjected to PCR under conditions given below. The real-time PCR was carried out at N=4 for the cDNA prepared from the lysate.

PCR initial activation: 95° C. for 20 seconds

-   -   PCR: 95° C. for 1 second     -   62° C. for 20 seconds

This PCR cycle was repetitively performed 40 times.

(3) Real-Time PCR Analysis

The quantitative analysis was conducted by the ΔΔCt method. A value (ΔΔCt) was determined by subtracting ΔCt of an untreated cell (═NC) from the difference in Ct value (ΔCt) between human β-catenin and human GAPDH of each transfectant, and a relative value (RQ) to NC was calculated according to the following expression:

RQ=2^(−ΔΔCt)

When RQ=1 was defined as 0% rate of inhibition and RQ=0 was defined as theoretical 100% rate of inhibition, the IC₅₀ value of the nucleic acid lipid particle was calculated using GraphPad PRISM (GraphPad Software Inc.). As a result, as shown in Table 8, the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound of Example 8 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against β-catenin gene expression, as compared with the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the lipid compound 1 used as a control. These results demonstrated that the compound of Example 8 is a novel lipid useful for preparing nucleic acid lipid particles that exhibit strong activity.

TABLE 8 β-catenin gene expression inhibitory activity IC50 (nM) Compound 1 20 Example 8 2.2

Test Example 5 Measurement of Cell Growth Inhibitory Activity of Compound of Example Against Hep3B Cell (Human Liver Cancer Cell)

The medium used is MEM (manufactured by Invitrogen Corp.) (containing 10% fetal bovine serum (manufactured by HyClone Laboratories, Inc.), 1 mM sodium pyruvate (manufactured by Invitrogen Corp.), and 1× non-essential amino acids (manufactured by Invitrogen Corp.)). Human liver cancer cell line Hep3B cells having a given density are placed (150 μL/well) in a 96-well plate and subsequently cultured at 37° C. for 24 hours under 5% CO₂. The nucleic acid lipid particle-containing dispersion prepared in Example 31 is further added at final concentrations of 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 μM to each well, and the cells are subsequently cultured for 72 hours (3 days). After the culture for 72 hours (3 days), the cell growth inhibitory activity of the compound of each Example is measured using MTT assay. Specifically, 20 μL of a MTT solution (5 mg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)) is further added to each well, and the cells are cultured at 37° C. for 4 hours under 5% CO₂. After removal of the culture supernatant, DMSO (150 μL) is further added to each well, followed by shaking for 5 minutes. The absorbance (540 nm) from the plate is measured using a plate reader (SpectraMax Plus³⁸⁴, manufactured by Molecular Devices Corporation). The relative ratio between the number of live cells in the compound administration group and the number of live cells in an untreated cell group is determined. Then, the IC₅₀ concentration at which of the growth of cells is inhibited by 50% is calculated.

Test Example 6 In Vivo Antitumor Test of Compound of Example

After acclimatization and raising of each nude mouse for 1 week, 1×10⁷ cultured human Hep3B cells are subcutaneously transplanted to the lateral region of the nude mouse. Approximately 2 weeks after the tumor transplantation, the mice are grouped with the tumor volume as an index, and the nucleic acid lipid particle-containing dispersion prepared in Example 31 is intravenously administered (administered at a dose such as 1 or 3 mg/kg) twice or three times a week to the tail of each mouse. PBS is administered to a control group. The tumor size is measured, and changes in tumor volume are observed.

In the case of verifying an in vivo knockdown effect, on the day after the administration, a tumor mass is collected from the cancer-bearing mouse, and a nucleic acid is extracted using QIAzol Lysis Reagent (manufactured by Qiagen N.V.) and chloroform. Then, total RNA is purified using RNeasy mini kit (manufactured by Qiagen N.V.) according to the attached protocol. This is used to quantify the mRNA of the target molecule by Taqman PCR.

Example 33 Preparation of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

A lipid solution having a total lipid concentration of 26.8 mM in ethanol with distearoylphosphatidylcholine (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: hereinafter, referred to as DSPC, NOF CORPORATION), cholesterol (hereinafter, referred to as Chol, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.), the compound described in Example 8 (hereinafter, referred to as LP), and N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (hereinafter, referred to as PEG-C-DMA) were prepared at a molar ratio described in Table 9.

The concentration of a double-stranded polynucleotide described in Nature Biotechnology (2008) 26, 561-569 (siFVII: siRNA against mouse Factor VII) was adjusted to 1 mg/mL with a citrate buffer solution (10 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) containing 30% ethanol to obtain a double-stranded polynucleotide solution.

The lipid solution, the double-stranded polynucleotide solution, and a citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) were heated to 37° C. The lipid solution was added dropwise to the citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) and mixed therewith such that the volume ratio between the lipid solution and the citrate buffer solution was 3:7 to obtain a crude liposome dispersion. Subsequently, the crude liposome dispersion was added dropwise to the double-stranded polynucleotide solution and mixed therewith such that the ratio (N/P) of LP-derived nitrogen atoms (N) to double-stranded polynucleotide-derived phosphorus atoms (P) was 3. The mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion. The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was dialyzed against approximately 100 mL of a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) for 12 to 18 hours (Float-A-Lyzer G2, MWCO: 100 kD, Spectra/Por) for the removal of ethanol and the removal of unencapsulated double-stranded polynucleotides by neutralization to obtain a purified dispersion of a nucleic acid lipid particle containing the double-stranded polynucleotide and the lipid described in Table 9.

TABLE 9 DSPC Chol LP PEG-C-DMA Particle 1 10 68 20 2 Particle 2 10 58 30 2 Particle 3 10 48 40 2 Particle 4 10 43 45 2 Particle 5 10 38 50 2 Particle 6 10 33 55 2 Particle 7 10 28 60 2 Particle 8 10 18 70 2 Particle 9 55 33 10 2 Particle 10 45 33 20 2 Particle 11 35 33 30 2 Particle 12 25 33 40 2 Particle 13 20 33 45 2 Particle 14 15 33 50 2 Particle 15 10 33 55 2 Particle 16 5 33 60 2 Particle 17 0 33 65 2 Particle 18 10 49.5 40 0.5 Particle 19 10 49 40 1 Particle 20 10 48.5 40 1.5 Particle 21 10 48 40 2 Particle 22 10 47.5 40 2.5 Particle 23 10 47 40 3 Particle 24 10 46.5 40 3.5 Particle 25 10 46 40 4 Particle 26 10 45 40 5 Particle 27 10 40 40 10

Example 34 Characterization of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion prepared in Example 33 was characterized. The characterization was conducted by the methods described in Example 32, and the rate of polynucleotide encapsulation in the nucleic acid lipid particle described in Example 33, the weight ratio of the polynucleotide to the lipid, and the average particle size are shown in Tables 10, 11, and 12.

TABLE 10 Rate of Lipid encapsulation siRNA/lipid Particle size composition * (%) (wt/wt) ** (nm) Particle 1 10/68/20/2 96 0.044 133 ± 23 Particle 2 10/58/30/2 98 0.061 153 ± 46 Particle 3 10/48/40/2 98 0.083 127 ± 20 Particle 4 10/43/45/2 98 0.084 143 ± 41 Particle 5 10/38/50/2 98 0.094 133 ± 27 Particle 6 10/33/55/2 94 0.115 137 ± 10 Particle 7 10/28/60/2 81 0.117 184 ± 39 Particle 8 10/18/70/2 50 0.127 162 ± 31 * Lipid composition: DSPC/Chol/LP/PEG-C-DMA (molar ratio) ** siRNA/lipid (wt/wt): weight ratio of polynucleotide to lipid

TABLE 11 Rate of Lipid encapsulation siRNA/lipid Particle size composition* (%) (wt/wt)** (nm) Particle 9 55/33/10/2 93 0.014 193 ± 42 Particle 10 45/33/20/2 93 0.022 206 ± 77 Particle 11 35/33/30/2 90 0.055 203 ± 73 Particle 12 25/33/40/2 93 0.084 177 ± 59 Particle 13 20/33/45/2 92 0.093 109 ± 22 Particle 14 15/33/50/2 92 0.073 111 ± 20 Particle 15 10/33/55/2 95 0.111 119 ± 13 Particle 16 5/33/60/2 95 0.136 135 ± 15 Particle 17 0/33/65/2 91 0.160 124 ± 25 *Lipid composition: DSPC/Chol/LP/PEG-C-DMA (molar ratio) **siRNA/lipid (wt/wt): weight ratio of polynucleotide to lipid

TABLE 12 Rate of Lipid encapsulation siRNA/lipid Particle size composition* (%) (wt/wt)** (nm) Particle 18 10/49.5/40/0.5 97 0.096  349 ± 222 Particle 19 10/49/40/1 96 0.091 206 ± 54 Particle 20 10/48.5/40/1.5 97 0.098 140 ± 54 Particle 21 10/48/40/2 98 0.091 109 ± 36 Particle 22 10/47.5/40/2.5 99 0.090 140 ± 19 Particle 23 10/47/40/3 98 0.089 152 ± 27 Particle 24 10/46.5/40/3.5 98 0.084 131 ± 52 Particle 25 10/46/40/4 98 0.086 156 ± 66 Particle 26 10/45/40/5 94 0.083  79 ± 27 Particle 27 10/40/40/10 91 0.055  83 ± 47 *Lipid composition: DSPC/Chol/LP/PEG-C-DMA (molar ratio) **siRNA/lipid (wt/wt): weight ratio of polynucleotide to lipid

These results showed that the double-stranded polynucleotide was encapsulated in the lipid particle, and this nucleic acid lipid particle had an average particle size of approximately 80 nm to approximately 300 nm.

Test Example 7 Factor VII (FVII) Protein Measurement

The Factor VII protein was measured according to a method described in Nature Biotechnology (2010) 28, 172-176. C57BL6/J mice (male, 9 weeks old) were randomly grouped (n=4). The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion prepared in Example 33 was intravenously injected at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg to the tail of each mouse. One day after the administration, approximately 50 μL of blood was collected from the tail vein, and plasma was obtained. The amount of the Factor VII protein in the obtained plasma was measured using Biophen FVII assay kit (manufactured by Aniara Corp.) according to the attached protocol.

When the amount of FVII of respective plasma samples collected in equal amounts from individuals in a PBS administration group was defined as 100%, the relative ratio (%) of the amount of FVII in a plasma sample of each individual was used as a measurement value (A). An average value (B) was determined from the respective measurement values of the individuals in the PBS administration group. The relative ratio of the measurement value (A) of each individual was determined from the expression: A/B×100 (%). The average value of the relative ratios in the administration group of each nucleic acid lipid particle is shown in Tables 13, 14, and 15. As a result, as shown in Tables 13, 14, and 15, particles 1 to 8, particles 12 to 17, particles 20 to 24, particle 26, and particle 27 as the nucleic acid lipid particles prepared in Example 33 exhibited strong FVII inhibitory activity. These results demonstrated that a nucleic acid lipid particle having lipid composition as found in particles 1 to 8, particles 12 to 17, particles 20 to 24, particle 26, and particle 27 is useful as a nucleic acid lipid particle capable of inhibiting gene expression.

TABLE 13 Relative amount of FVII (%) PBS 100 Particle 1 36 Particle 2 <10 Particle 3 <10 Particle 4 20 Particle 5 <10 Particle 6 <10 Particle 7 <10 Particle 8 <10

TABLE 14 Relative amount of FVII (%) PBS 100 Particle 10 No activity Particle 11 No activity Particle 12 79 Particle 13 22 Particle 14 <10 Particle 15 26 Particle 16 <10 Particle 17 <10

TABLE 15 Relative amount of FVII (%) PBS 100 Particle 18 No activity Particle 19 No activity Particle 20 <10 Particle 21 <10 Particle 22 <10 Particle 23 <10 Particle 24 27 Particle 26 28 Particle 27 49

Reference Example 46 3-Bromopropyl(9Z,12Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl carbonate

A solution of (19Z,22Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-ol (0.55 g, 1.4 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 17 and pyridine (0.67 g, 8.5 mmol) in toluene (14 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.28 g, 0.93 mmol) in toluene (2.0 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred at for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Bromo-1-propanol (2.0 g, 14 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate-hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.32 g, 41%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.21-1.40 (32H, m), 1.52-1.61 (4H, m), 2.01-2.09 (4H, m), 2.23 (2H, quint, J=6.3 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.49 (2H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 4.27 (2H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 4.66-4.73 (1H, m), 5.29-5.44 (4H, m).

Example 35 3-(Azetidin-1-yl)propyl(9Z,12Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-76)

To a solution of 3-bromopropyl(9Z,12Z)-octacosa-19,22-dien-11-yl carbonate (0.16 g, 0.28 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 46 in tetrahydrofuran (8.0 mL), azetidine (0.40 g, 7.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at 120° C. for 50 minutes under microwave irradiation. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate-hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (119 mg, 77%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.21-1.40 (32H, m), 1.47-1.61 (4H, m), 1.71 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.01-2.10 (m, 6H), 2.46 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.16 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.15 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.71 (1H, m), 5.28-5.42 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 548 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 548.5044 (0.1 mDa).

Example 36 (1-Methylpiperidin-3-yl)methyl(6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 2-102)

A solution of (6Z,9Z,26Z,29Z)-pentatriaconta-6,9,26,29-tetraen-18-ol (0.22 g, 0.44 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 4 and pyridine (0.22 g, 2.8 mmol) in toluene (4.4 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.090 g, 0.30 mmol) in toluene (0.66 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. (1-Methyl-3-piperidyl)methanol (0.60 g, 4.6 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate-hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (201 mg, 70%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, m), 0.92-1.04 (1H, m), 1.21-1.40 (36H, m), 1.48-1.78 (8H, m), 1.85-1.94 (1H, m), 1.96-2.10 (9H, m), 2.26 (3H, s), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 2.72-2.90 (2H, m), 3.94 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 10.6 Hz), 4.05 (1H, dd, J=5.5, 10.6 Hz), 4.64-4.72 (1H, m), 5.28-5.42 (8H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 656 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 656.5981 (−0.1 mDa).

Example 37 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(19Z,22R)-22-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octacos-19-en-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-334)

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl(19Z,22R)-22-hydroxyoctacos-19-en-11-yl carbonate (0.21 g, 0.38 mmol) obtained in Example 27 and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.079 g, 0.42 mmol) in dichloromethane (3.8 mL), 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (0.16 g, 1.9 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (210 mg, 87%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.22-1.85 (48H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.7, 7.4 Hz), 1.98-2.06 (2H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.44-3.52 (1H, m), 3.57-3.72 (1H, m), 3.87-3.97 (1H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.64-4.75 (2H, m), 5.32-5.50 (2H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 638 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 638.5723 (1.6 mDa).

Reference Example 47 (19Z,22R)-22-Hydroxyoctacos-19-en-11-one

To (19Z,22R)-22-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}octacos-19-en-11-one (2.0 g, 3.7 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 38, a 1 M solution of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 5 hours. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain a liquid containing the compound of interest (0.66 g). The product was used directly in the next reaction without being further purified.

Reference Example 48 (7R,9Z)-18-Hydroxyoctacos-9-en-7-yl acetate

To a solution of the mixture containing (19Z,22R)-22-hydroxyoctacos-19-en-11-one (0.33 g) obtained in Reference Example 47 and pyridine (1.1 g, 14 mmol) in dichloromethane (7.1 mL), acetyl chloride (0.56 g, 7.1 mmol) was added dropwise over 1 minute, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, extraction was carried out, and volatile matter was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a liquid mixture. This mixture was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2.1 mL) and methanol (2.1 mL). To the solution, sodium borohydride (0.054 g, 1.4 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain a liquid containing the compound of interest (0.33 g). The product was used directly in the next reaction without being further purified.

Example 38 (7R,9Z)-18-([{(1-Methylpiperidin-3-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}oxy}octacos-9-en-7-yl acetate (Exemplary Compound 2-132)

A solution of the mixture containing (7R,9Z)-18-hydroxyoctacos-9-en-7-yl acetate (0.33 g) obtained in Reference Example 48 and pyridine (0.35 g, 4.5 mmol) in toluene (7.1 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.14 g, 0.49 mmol) in toluene (1.1 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 10 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 30 minutes, and cooled to 0° C. again. (1-Methyl-3-piperidyl)methanol (0.96 g, 7.4 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 90 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (110 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.86-0.91 (6H, m), 0.93-1.05 (1H, m), 1.17-1.38 (36H, m), 1.48-1.78 (8H, m), 1.85-1.94 (1H, m), 1.96-2.07 (6H, m), 2.24-2.34 (5H, m), 2.74 (1H, d, J=10.5 Hz), 2.86 (1H, d, J=10.5 Hz), 3.95 (1H, ddd, J=2.7, 7.4, 10.2 Hz), 4.06 (1H, ddd, J=2.7, 5.9, 10.2 Hz), 4.64-4.71 (1H, m), 4.87 (1H, quint, J=6.3 Hz), 5.27-5.37 (1H, m), 5.43-5.51 (1H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 622 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 622.5438 (2.8 mDa).

Reference Example 49 (7R,9Z)-18-Hydroxyoctacos-9-en-7-yl caproate

To a solution of the mixture containing (19Z,22R)-22-hydroxyoctacos-19-en-11-one (0.30 g) obtained in Reference Example 47 and pyridine (1.1 g, 14 mmol) in dichloromethane (7.1 mL), caproic anhydride (0.76 g, 3.5 mmol) was added dropwise over 1 minute, then 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (0.01 g) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 90 minutes. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, extraction was carried out, and volatile matter was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a liquid mixture. This mixture was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2.1 mL) and methanol (2.1 mL). To the solution, sodium borohydride (0.054 g, 1.4 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 4 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain a liquid containing the compound of interest (0.17 g). The product was used directly in the next reaction without being further purified.

Example 39 (7R,9Z)-18-({[3-(Dimethylamino)propyloxy]carbonyl}oxy)octacos-9-en-7-yl caproate (Exemplary Compound 1-255)

A solution of the mixture containing (7R,9Z)-18-hydroxyoctacos-9-en-7-yl caproate (0.17 g) obtained in Reference Example 49 and pyridine (0.16 g, 2.0 mmol) in toluene (3.3 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.067 g, 0.22 mmol) in toluene (0.49 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 45 minutes, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.35 g, 3.4 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (150 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.84-0.92 (9H, m), 1.20-1.38 (40H, m), 1.48-1.66 (8H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.97-2.04 (2H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.27 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.72 (1H, m), 4.88 (1H, quint, J=6.3 Hz), 5.27-5.37 (1H, m), 5.42-5.51 (1H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 652 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 652.5892 (1.2 mDa).

Example 40 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl(19Z,22R)-22-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yloxy)octacos-19-en-11-yl carbonate (Exemplary Compound 1-377)

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl(19Z,22R)-22-hydroxyoctacos-19-en-11-yl carbonate (0.055 g, 0.099 mmol) obtained in Example 27 and p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (0.026 g, 0.14 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.3 mL), 2,3-dihydrofuran (0.044 g, 0.63 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (33 mg, 53%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.82-0.88 (6H, m), 1.20-1.62 (48H, m), 1.74-2.05 (8H, m), 2.21 (6H, s), 2.33 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.51-4.05 (3H, m), 4.15 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.62-4.70 (1H, m), 5.28-5.46 (3H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 624 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 624.5574 (0.7 mDa).

Example 41 (7R,9Z,26Z,29R)-18-({[3-(Dimethylamino)propoxy]carbonyl}oxy)pentatriaconta-9,26-diene-7,29-diyl dipropionate

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl(7R,9Z,26Z,29R)-7,29-dihydroxypentatriaconta-9,26-dien-18-yl carbonate (0.35 g, 0.53 mmol) obtained in Example 22 and pyridine (0.83 g, 10.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (5.3 mL), propionic acid chloride (0.49 g, 5.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (260 mg, 64%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.84-0.91 (6H, m), 1.13 (6H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.22-1.39 (36H, m), 1.48-1.61 (8H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.01 (4H, dd, J=6.6, 7.0 Hz), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.30 (4H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 2.28-2.33 (4H, m), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.72 (1H, m), 4.88 (2H, tt, J=5.9, 6.6 Hz), 5.33 (2H, ttd, J=1.2, 7.0, 10.9 Hz), 5.46 (2H, ttd, J=1.2, 7.0, 10.9 Hz).

MS (ESI+) m/z 778 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 778.6555 (−0.6 mDa).

Reference Example 50 (9Z,12R)-Octadec-9-ene-1,12-diol

To a solution of lithium aluminum hydride (3.87 g, 102 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (235 mL), methyl (9Z,12R)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate (31.1 g, 78.4 mmol, compound known by the literature (J. Org. Chem., 2001, 66, 22, 7487-7495)) was added dropwise over 50 minutes, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 1.5 hours. After treatment with water (4 mL), ethyl acetate was added thereto, and solid components were filtered off. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (17.9 g, 62%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.21-1.87 (22H, m), 1.98-2.07 (2H, m), 2.20-2.40 (2H, m), 3.44-3.52 (1H, m), 3.58-3.71 (3H, m), 3.87-3.97 (1H, m), 4.64-4.74 (1H, m), 5.33-5.49 (2H, m).

Reference Example 51 (9Z,12R)-12-Hydroxyoctadec-9-en-1-yl methanesulfonate

A solution of (9Z,12R)-octadec-9-ene-1,12-diol (17.9 g, 48.6 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 50 and triethylamine (5.90 g, 58.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (122 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Methanesulfonyl chloride (6.68 g, 58.3 mmol) was added dropwise thereto over 5 minutes, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a yellow liquid containing the compound of interest.

Reference Example 52 (7R,9Z)-18-Bromooctadec-9-en-7-ol

To a solution of the liquid containing (9Z,12R)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-en-1-yl methanesulfonate (21.6 g, 48.4 mmol, theoretical amount) obtained in Reference Example 51 in diethyl ether (145 mL), a magnesium bromide-diethyl ether complex (31.2 g, 121 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with ice water, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with diethyl ether, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then dissolved in ethanol (100 mL). To the solution, a 2 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (80 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Volatile matter was distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (14.1 g, 84%).

Reference Example 53 2-{[(7R,9Z)-18-Bromooctadec-9-en-7-yl]oxy}tetrahydro-2H-pyran

To a solution of (7R,9Z)-18-bromooctadec-9-en-7-ol (14.1 g, 40.6 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 52 and p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (0.154 g, 0.81 mmol) in dichloromethane (81.2 mL), 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (6.83 g, 81.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (15.1, 86%).

Reference Example 54 (7R,9Z,28Z,31R)-7,31-Bis(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)heptatriaconta-9,28-dien-19-ol

Dried magnesium (shavings, 0.42 g, 17.4 mmol) was dipped in tetrahydrofuran (3.0 mL). 1,2-Dibromoethane (3 drops) was added thereto, and the mixture was vigorously stirred. After the solution turned black-gray, a solution of 2-{[(7R,9Z)-18-bromooctadec-9-en-7-yl]oxy}tetrahydro-2H-pyran (5.00 g, 11.6 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 53 in tetrahydrofuran (8.5 mL) was added thereto over 1 hour, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. To this solution, ethyl formate (0.47 g, 5.79 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After water treatment to terminate the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then dissolved in ethanol (25 mL). To the solution, a 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (5 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and then subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (2.10 g, 50%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.23-1.62 (52H, m), 1.66-1.89 (4H, m), 1.98-2.07 (4H, m), 2.20-2.41 (4H, m), 3.45-3.52 (2H, m), 3.54-3.71 (3H, m), 3.87-3.98 (2H, m), 4.64-4.75 (2H, m), 5.33-5.50 (4H, m).

Reference Example 55 (7R,9Z,28Z,31R)-7,31-Bis(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)heptatriaconta-9,28-dien-19-yl3-(dimethylamino)propyl

A solution of (7R,9Z,28Z,31R)-7,31-bis(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)heptatriaconta-9,28-dien-19-ol (1.00 g, 1.36 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 54 and pyridine (0.68 g, 8.6 mmol) in toluene (13.6 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.279 g, 0.94 mmol) in toluene (2.05 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1.5 hours, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (1.48 g, 14.3 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (1.00 g, 85%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.22-1.85 (56H, m), 1.79-1.88 (2H, m), 1.98-2.06 (4H, m), 2.20-2.38 (12H, m), 3.44-3.52 (2H, m), 3.58-3.71 (2H, m), 3.87-3.97 (2H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 4.64-4.74 (3H, m), 5.32-5.49 (4H, m).

Reference Example 56 (7R,9Z,28Z,31R)-7,31-Dihydroxyheptatriaconta-9,28-dien-19-yl3-(dimethylamino)propyl carbonate

To a solution of (7R,9Z,28Z,31R)-7,31-bis(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)heptatriaconta-9,28-dien-19-yl3-(dimethylamino)propyl (1.00 g, 1.16 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 55 in ethanol (11.6 mL), a 2 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (5.79 mL, 11.6 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 2.5 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.68 g, 84%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.22-1.61 (48H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.01-2.08 (4H, m), 2.18-2.24 (10H, m), 2.34 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.61 (2H, quint, J=5.9 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.72 (1H, m), 5.36-5.44 (2H, m), 5.52-5.61 (2H, m).

Example 42 (7R,9Z,28Z,31R)-19-({[3-(Dimethylamino)propoxy]carbonyl}oxy)heptatriaconta-9,28-diene-7,31-diyl diacetate

To a solution of (7R,9Z,28Z,31R)-7,31-dihydroxyheptatriaconta-9,28-dien-19-yl 3-(dimethylamino)propyl carbonate (0.68 g, 0.98 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 56 and pyridine (2.3 g, 29 mmol) in dichloromethane (9.8 mL), acetyl chloride (1.2 g, 15 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (523 mg, 69%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.20-1.38 (40H, m), 1.48-1.61 (8H, m), 1.85 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.98-2.08 (10H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.29 (4H, dt, J=6.3, 6.6 Hz), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.72 (1H, m), 4.87 (2H, quint, J=6.3 Hz), 5.36 (1H, ttd, J=1.2, 6.6, 10.9 Hz), 5.47 (1H, ttd, J=1.2, 6.6, 10.9 Hz).

MS (ESI+) m/z 778 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 778.6557 (−0.4 mDa).

Reference Example 57 (21Z,24R)-24-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}triacont-21-en-13-one

To a solution of (9Z,12R)-12-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-N-methoxy-N-methyloctadec-9-enamide (0.80 g, 1.8 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 32 in diethyl ether (8.8 mL), a solution of 1 N n-dodecyl magnesium bromide in diethyl ether (2.6 mL, 2.6 mmol) was added dropwise over 1 minute, and the mixture was then reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.55 g, 55%).

Reference Example 58 (21Z,24R)-24-Hydroxytriacont-21-en-13-one

To (21Z,24R)-24-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}triacont-21-en-13-one (0.55 g, 0.97 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 57, a solution of 1 N tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (4.9 mL, 4.9 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with water, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.23 g, 52%).

Reference Example 59 (7R,9Z)-18-Oxotriacont-9-en-7-yl acetate

To a solution of (21Z,24R)-24-hydroxytriacont-21-en-13-one (0.23 g, 0.51 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 58 and pyridine (0.81 g, 10 mmol) in dichloromethane (5.1 mL), acetyl chloride (0.40 g, 5.1 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.21 g, 84%).

Reference Example 60 (7R,9Z)-18-Hydroxytriacont-9-en-7-yl acetate

To a solution of (7R,9Z)-18-oxotriacont-9-en-7-yl acetate (0.21 g, 0.43 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 59 in tetrahydrofuran (1.3 mL) and methanol (1.3 mL), sodium borohydride (32 mg, 0.85 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a yellow liquid containing the compound of interest.

Example 43 (7R,9Z)-18-({[3-(Dimethylamino)propoxy]carbonyl}oxy)triacont-9-en-7-yl acetate

A solution of the liquid containing (7R,9Z)-18-hydroxytriacont-9-en-7-yl acetate (0.21 g, 0.42 mmol, theoretical amount) obtained in Reference Example 60 and pyridine (0.21 g, 2.7 mmol) in toluene (4.2 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.087 g, 0.29 mmol) in toluene (0.64 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1.5 hours, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.46 g, 4.5 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (111 mg, 42%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.23-1.35 (36H, m), 1.48-1.66 (6H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.97-2.05 (2H, m), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.22 (3H, s), 2.25-2.32 (2H, m), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.72 (1H, m), 4.86 (1H, quint, J=6.3 Hz), 5.28-5.51 (2H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 624 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 624.5566 (−0.1 mDa).

Reference Example 61 (7R,9Z)-18-Oxotriacont-9-en-7-yl butyrate

To a solution of (19Z,22R)-22-hydroxyoctacos-19-en-11-one (0.34 g, 0.80 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 39 and pyridine (1.3 g, 16 mmol) in dichloromethane (8.0 mL), butyric acid chloride (0.86 g, 8.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.40 g, 100%).

Reference Example 62 (7R,9Z)-18-Hydroxyoctacos-9-en-7-yl butyrate

To a solution of (7R,9Z)-18-oxotriacont-9-en-7-yl butyrate (0.40 g, 0.81 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 61 in tetrahydrofuran (2.4 mL) and methanol (2.4 mL), sodium borohydride (61 mg, 1.6 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a yellow liquid containing the compound of interest.

Example 44 (7R,9Z)-18-({[3-(Dimethylamino)propoxy]carbonyl}oxy)octacos-9-en-7-yl butyrate

A solution of the liquid containing (7R,9Z)-18-hydroxyoctacos-9-en-7-yl butyrate (0.40 g, 0.81 mmol, theoretical amount) obtained in Reference Example 62 and pyridine (0.40 g, 5.1 mmol) in toluene (8.1 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.17 g, 0.56 mmol) in toluene (1.2 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1.5 hours, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.88 g, 8.5 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (99 mg, 20%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.90 (6H, m), 0.94 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.21-1.39 (32H, m), 1.47-1.62 (6H, m), 1.65 (2H, sext, J=7.4 Hz), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.01 (2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.23-2.39 (4H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.72 (1H, m), 4.89 (2H, quint, J=6.3 Hz), 5.28-5.50 (2H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 624 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 624.5599 (3.2 mDa).

Reference Example 63 Triacontan-11-ol

To a solution of icosanal (0.64 g, 2.2 mmol) in diethyl ether (11 mL), a solution of 1 N n-decyl magnesium bromide in diethyl ether (3.2 mL, 3.2 mmol) was added dropwise over 2 minutes, and the mixture was then reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.37 g, 39%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=7.0), 1.20-1.33 (50H, m), 1.36-1.48 (4H, m), 3.54-3.62 (1H, br).

Example 45 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl triacontan-11-yl carbonate

To a solution of triacontan-11-ol (0.18 g, 0.41 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 63 and pyridine (0.20 g, 2.6 mmol) in toluene (4.1 mL), a solution of triphosgene (0.084 g, 0.28 mmol) in toluene (0.62 mL) was added over 2 minutes. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.44 g, 4.3 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (185 mg, 79%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.84 (6H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.16-1.32 (50H, m), 1.44-1.60 (4H, m), 1.82 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.19 (6H, s), 2.32 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.14 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.61-4.68 (1H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 568 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 568.5663 (−0.6 mDa).

Example 46 (1-Methylpiperidin-3-yl)methyl triacontan-11-yl carbonate

To a solution of triacontan-11-ol (0.18 g, 0.41 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 63 and pyridine (0.20 g, 2.6 mmol) in toluene (4.1 mL), a solution of triphosgene (0.084 g, 0.28 mmol) in toluene (0.62 mL) was added over 2 minutes. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, 1-methyl-3-piperidinemethanol (0.56 g, 4.3 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (145 mg, 60%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.20-1.36 (50H, m), 1.48-1.77 (8H, m), 1.85-1.94 (1H, m), 1.95-2.07 (1H, m), 2.26 (3H, s), 2.75 (1H, d, J=10.9 Hz), 2.86 (1H, d, J=10.9 Hz), 3.94 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 10.9 Hz), 4.06 (1H, dd, J=5.9, 10.9 Hz), 4.64-4.71 (1H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 594 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 594.5827 (0.2 mDa).

Reference Example 64 (6Z,9Z)-18-[2-(Ethenyloxy)ethoxy]octadeca-6,9-diene

To a solution of linoleyl alcohol (3.90 g, 14.6 mmol), tosylvinyl ethylene glycol (4.76 g, 16.1 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium sulfate (1.24 g, 3.66 mmol) in toluene (23.4 mL), a 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (11.5 mL) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. Tosylvinyl ethylene glycol (2.00 g, 6.76 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 5 days and nights. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and then subjected to extraction with diethyl ether, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a yellow liquid (2.44, 50%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.25-1.40 (16H, m), 1.54-1.63 (2H, m), 2.01-2.08 (4H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.48 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.64-3.68 (2H, m), 3.81-3.85 (2H, m), 4.01 (1H, dd, J=2.0, 7.0 Hz), 4.19 (1H, dd, J=2.0, 14.1 Hz), 6.52 (1H, dd, J=7.0, 14.1 Hz).

Reference Example 65 2-[(9Z,12Z)-Octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]ethanol

To a solution of (6Z,9Z)-18-[2-(ethenyloxy)ethoxy]octadeca-6,9-diene (5.70 g, 17 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 64 in ethanol (34 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (34 mL), a 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (17 mL, 17 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and then subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (2.00 g, 38%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.23-1.40 (16H, m), 1.51-1.63 (2H, m), 1.95 (1H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 2.01-2.09 (4H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.53 (2H, t, J=4.3 Hz), 3.73 (2H, dt, J=6.3, 4.3 Hz), 5.29-5.43 (4H, m).

Reference Example 66 [(9Z,12Z)-Octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]acetaldehyde

To a solution of 2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]ethanol (1.00 g, 3.2 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 65 and triethylamine (1.63 g, 16.1 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (6.4 mL), a sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex (1.54 g, 9.7 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and then subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a yellow liquid (0.57 g, 57%).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.11 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.25-1.41 (16H, m), 1.59-1.67 (2H, m), 2.02-2.08 (4H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.53 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.06 (2H, s), 5.30-5.42 (4H, m), 9.74-9.75 (1H, m).

Reference Example 67 (11Z,14Z)-1-[(9Z,12Z)-Octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]icosa-11,14-dien-2-ol

To a solution of [(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]acetaldehyde (1.27 g, 4.1 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 66 in diethyl ether (12.4 mL), 0.5 N linoleyl magnesium bromide (14 mL, 7.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 3 hours and subsequently at 60° C. for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a yellow liquid (0.48 g, 21%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.23-1.46 (34H, m), 1.52-1.61 (4H, m), 2.01-2.08 (8H, m), 2.31 (1H, d, J=3.1 Hz), 2.77 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.23 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 9.4 Hz), 3.39-3.51 (3H, m), 3.72-3.81 (1H, m), 5.29-5.43 (8H, m).

Example 47 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14Z)-1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]icosa-11,14-dien-2-yl carbonate

A solution of (11Z,14Z)-1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]icosa-11,14-dien-2-ol (0.27 g, 0.48 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 67 and pyridine (0.24 g, 3.0 mmol) in toluene (4.8 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.099 g, 0.33 mmol) in toluene (0.72 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1.5 hours, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.52 g, 5.1 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (330 mg, 24%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88-0.94 (6H, m), 1.24-1.43 (34H, m), 1.52-1.67 (4H, m), 1.86 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.96-2.11 (8H, m), 2.24 (6H, s), 2.38 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.79 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.38-3.54 (4H, m), 4.21 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.82-4.89 (1H, m), 5.31-5.45 (8H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 688 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 688.6269 (2.5 mDa).

Reference Example 68 10-{2-[(2-Pentylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}-1-[(8-{2-[(2-pentylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}octyl)oxy]decan-2-ol

To a solution of a solution of 1.1 N diethylzinc in hexane (7.3 mL, 7.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (12 mL) cooled to 0° C., chloroiodomethane (1.7 g, 9.6 mmol) was added over 10 minutes, then a solution of (11Z,14Z)-1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]icosa-11,14-dien-2-ol (0.27 g, 0.48 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 67 and chloroiodomethane (1.0 g, 5.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (7.0 mL) was added over 40 minutes, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with dichloromethane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a yellow liquid (0.29 g, 98%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: (−0.32)-(−0.24) (4H, m), 0.57-0.84 (12H, m), 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 0.97-1.62 (50H, m), 2.31 (1H, d, J=3.1 Hz), 3.23 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 9.4 Hz), 3.39-3.52 (3H, m), 3.73-3.80 (1H, m).

Example 48 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl 10-{2-[(2-pentylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}-1-[(8-{2-[(2-pentylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}octyl)oxy]decan-2-yl carbonate

A solution of 10-{2-[(2-pentylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}-1-[(8-{2-[(2-pentylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}octyl)oxy]decan-2-ol (0.17 g, 0.28 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 68 and pyridine (0.14 g, 1.7 mmol) in toluene (2.8 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.056 g, 0.19 mmol) in toluene (0.42 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 1 hour, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.30 g, 2.9 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (135 mg, 66%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: (−0.34)-(−0.23) (4H, m), 0.57-0.84 (12H, m), 0.86-0.92 (6H, m), 0.97-1.66 (50H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.35-3.53 (4H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.80-4.87 (1H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 744 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 744.6876 (0.6 mDa).

Reference Example 69 1-[(9Z,12Z)-Octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]icosan-2-ol

To a solution of [(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]acetaldehyde (0.22 g, 0.71 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 66 in tetrahydrofuran (2.9 mL), 0.5 N octadecyl magnesium chloride (3.0 mL, 1.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a yellow liquid (0.13 g, 31%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.20-1.62 (52H, m), 2.01-2.08 (4H, m), 2.31 (1H, d, J=3.1 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.23 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 9.4 Hz), 3.39-3.55 (3H, m), 3.73-3.80 (1H, m), 5.29-5.42 (4H, m).

Example 49 3-(Dimethylaminopropyl) 1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]icosan-2-yl carbonate

A solution of 1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]icosan-2-ol (0.13 g, 0.22 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 69 and pyridine (0.11 g, 1.4 mmol) in toluene (2.2 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.045 g, 0.15 mmol) in toluene (0.33 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 40 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.24 g, 2.3 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (86 mg, 56%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.22-1.41 (48H, m), 1.50-1.66 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.01-2.09 (4H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.35-3.53 (4H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.80-4.86 (1H, m), 5.29-5.42 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 692 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 692.6588 (3.1 mDa).

Reference Example 70 (11Z,14Z)-1-(Octadecyloxy)icosa-11,14-dien-2-ol

To a solution of octadecan-1-yloxyacetaldehyde (0.25 g, 0.80 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2.4 mL), 0.5 N linoleyl magnesium bromide (2.4 mL, 1.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 4 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a yellow liquid (0.17 g, 38%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88-0.94 (6H, m), 1.22-1.70 (52H, m), 2.04-2.11 (4H, m), 2.35 (1H, d, J=3.1 Hz), 2.80 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.26 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 9.4 Hz), 3.42-3.58 (3H, m), 3.75-3.83 (1H, m), 5.32-5.45 (4H, m).

Example 50 3-(Dimethylaminopropyl) (11Z,14Z)-1-(octadecyloxy)icosa-11,14-dien-2-yl carbonate

A solution of (11Z,14Z)-1-(octadecyloxy)icosa-11,14-dien-2-ol (0.17 g, 0.30 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 70 and pyridine (0.15 g, 1.9 mmol) in toluene (3.0 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.062 g, 0.21 mmol) in toluene (0.45 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.33 g, 3.2 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (53 mg, 25%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.21-1.40 (48H, m), 1.50-1.65 (4H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.01-2.09 (4H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.35-3.53 (4H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.80-4.87 (1H, m), 5.29-5.42 (4H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 692 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 692.6578 (2.1 mDa).

Reference Example 71 (11Z,14R)-1-(Octadecyloxy)-14-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)icos-11-en-2-ol

Dried magnesium (shavings, 0.48 g, 19.8 mmol) was dipped in tetrahydrofuran (4.0 mL). 1,2-Dibromoethane (3 drops) was added thereto, and the mixture was vigorously stirred. After the solution turned black-gray, a solution of 2-{[(7R,9Z)-18-bromooctadec-9-en-7-yl]oxy}tetrahydro-2H-pyran (5.70 g, 13.2 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 53 in tetrahydrofuran (18.5 mL) was added thereto over 40 minutes, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours.

A 7.5 mL aliquot of the obtained Grignard reagent solution was added to a solution of octadecan-1-yloxyacetaldehyde (0.78 g, 2.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (7.5 mL), and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 6 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.61 g, 37%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.89 (6H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.20-2.40 (64H, m), 3.23 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 9.4 Hz), 3.39-3.56 (5H, m), 3.58-3.70 (1H, m), 3.73-3.81 (1H, m), 3.87-3.98 (1H, m), 4.64-4.74 (1H, m), 5.34-5.50 (2H, m).

Reference Example 72 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14R)-1-(octadecyloxy)-14-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)icos-11-en-2-yl carbonate

A solution of (11Z,14R)-1-(octadecyloxy)-14-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)icos-11-en-2-ol (0.61 g, 0.92 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 71 and pyridine (0.46 g, 5.8 mmol) in toluene (9.2 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.19 g, 0.63 mmol) in toluene (1.4 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.99 g, 9.6 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.41 g, 56%).

Reference Example 73 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14R)-14-hydroxy-1-(octadecyloxy)icos-11-en-2-yl carbonate

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14R)-1-(octadecyloxy)-14-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)icos-11-en-2-yl carbonate (0.41 g, 0.52 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 72 in ethanol (5.2 mL), a 2 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (2.6 mL, 5.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.34 g, 92%).

Example 51 (7R,9Z)-19-({[3-(Dimethylamino)propoxy]carbonyl}oxy)-20-(octadecyloxy)icos-9-en-7-yl acetate

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14R)-14-hydroxy-1-(octadecyloxy)icos-11-en-2-yl carbonate (0.11 g, 0.16 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 73 and pyridine (0.25 g, 3.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.6 mL), acetic acid chloride (0.12 g, 1.6 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (75 mg, 64%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.21-1.37 (50H, m), 1.50-1.66 (6H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.97-2.06 (5H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.25-2.31 (2H, m), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.35-3.51 (4H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.79-4.91 (2H, m), 5.28-5.36 (1H, m), 5.43-5.51 (1H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 752 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 752.6775 (3.4 mDa).

Reference Example 74 (11Z,14R)-1-[(9Z,12Z)-Octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]-14-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)icos-11-en-2-ol

Dried magnesium (shavings, 0.24 g, 9.7 mmol) was dipped in tetrahydrofuran (3.0 mL). 1,2-Dibromoethane (4 drops) was added thereto, and the mixture was vigorously stirred. After the solution turned black-gray, a solution of 2-{[(7R,9Z)-18-bromooctadec-9-en-7-yl]oxy}tetrahydro-2H-pyran (2.8 g, 6.5 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 53 in tetrahydrofuran (18.5 mL) was added thereto over 40 minutes, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature.

To the obtained Grignard reagent solution, [(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]acetaldehyde (2.0 g, 6.5 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 66 was added, and the mixture was reacted at 60° C. for 2 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.27 g, 6%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.22-2.40 (54H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.23 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 9.4 Hz), 3.39-3.56 (5H, m), 3.58-3.72 (1H, m), 3.72-3.81 (1H, m), 3.86-3.98 (1H, m), 4.64-4.74 (1H, m), 5.28-5.49 (6H, m).

Reference Example 75 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14R)-1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]-14-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)icos-11-en-2-yl carbonate

A solution of (11Z,14R)-1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]-14-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)icos-11-en-2-ol (0.27 g, 0.41 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 74 and pyridine (0.20 g, 2.6 mmol) in toluene (4.1 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.084 g, 0.28 mmol) in toluene (0.61 mL) was added thereto over 2 minutes. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.44 g, 4.3 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.16 g, 48%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.23-1.88 (50H, m), 1.98-2.09 (8H, m), 2.22 (6H, m), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.35-3.52 (5H, m), 3.59-3.71 (1H, m), 3.87-3.97 (1H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.63-4.73 (1H, m), 4.80-4.87 (1H, m), 5.29-5.49 (6H, m).

Reference Example 76 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14R)-14-hydroxy-1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]icos-11-en-2-yl carbonate

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14R)-1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]-14-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)icos-11-en-2-yl carbonate (0.16 g, 0.20 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 75 in ethanol (0.98 mL), a 2 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (0.49 mL, 0.98 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.08 g, 60%).

Example 52 (7R,9Z)-19-({[3-(Dimethylamino)propoxy]carbonyl}oxy)-20-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]icos-9-en-7-yl acetate

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14R)-14-hydroxy-1-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yloxy]icos-11-en-2-yl carbonate (0.08 g, 0.11 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 76 and pyridine (0.37 g, 4.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.3 mL), acetyl chloride (0.18 g, 2.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 3 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (53 mg, 63%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.23-1.40 (36H, m), 1.50-1.64 (6H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.97-2.09 (9H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.25-2.32 (2H, m), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.35-3.52 (4H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.80-4.91 (2H, m), 5.28-5.51 (6H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 748 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 748.6489 (3.4 mDa).

Reference Example 77 2-{[(9Z,12R)-12-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}ethanol

To a suspension of sodium hydride (64%, 2.97 g, 79.2 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide, ethylene glycol (5.25 g, 84.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 45 minutes. (9Z,12R)-12-Hydroxyoctadec-9-en-1-yl methanesulfonate (11.8 g, 26.4 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 51 was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted at 80° C. for 2 hours. After treatment with water, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (8.36 g, 77%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.23-1.62 (26H, m), 1.66-1.75 (1H, m), 1.78-1.87 (1H, m), 1.97-2.07 (3H, m), 2.23 (1H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 2.26-2.41 (1H, m), 3.47 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.53 (2H, dd, J=3.1, 5.1 Hz), 3.58-3.72 (1H, m), 3.87-3.98 (1H, m), 4.64-4.74 (1H, m), 5.33-5.49 (2H, m).

Reference Example 78 {[(9Z,12R)-12-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}acetaldehyde

To a solution of 2-{[(9Z,12R)-12-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}ethanol (5.36 g, 13.0 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 77 and triethylamine (6.57 g, 65.0 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (26.0 mL), a sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex (5.17 g, 32.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and then subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a yellow liquid (3.96 g, 74%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.23-1.67 (26H, m), 1.66-1.75 (1H, m), 1.78-1.86 (1H, m), 1.98-2.07 (3H, m), 2.20-2.41 (2H, m), 3.44-3.54 (3H, m), 3.55-3.71 (1H, m), 3.87-3.97 (1H, m), 4.06 (2H, s), 4.64-4.74 (1H, m), 5.32-5.49 (2H, m), 9.75 (1H, s).

Reference Example 79 1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosan-2-ol

To a solution of {[(9Z,12R)-12-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}acetaldehyde (0.40 g, 0.97 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 78 in tetrahydrofuran (2.9 mL), 0.5 N octadecyl magnesium chloride (2.4 mL, 1.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a yellow liquid (0.24 g, 37%).

Reference Example 80 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl 1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosan-2-yl carbonate

A solution of 1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosan-2-ol (0.24 g, 0.36 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 79 and pyridine (0.18 g, 2.3 mmol) in toluene (3.6 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.074 g, 0.25 mmol) in toluene (0.54 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 10 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.39 g, 3.8 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.24 g, 84%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.21-1.75 (60H, m), 1.81-2.40 (8H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 3.35-3.53 (5H, m), 3.58-3.72 (1H, m), 3.87-3.97 (1H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.73 (1H, m), 4.80-4.87 (1H, m), 5.32-5.49 (2H, m).

Reference Example 81 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl 1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosan-2-yl carbonate

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl 1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosan-2-yl carbonate (0.24 g, 0.30 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 80 in ethanol (3.0 mL), a 2 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (1.5 mL, 3.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 2 hours. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.16 g, 76%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.21-1.65 (54H, m), 1.84 (2H, dd, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 2.05 (2H, q, J=6.6 Hz), 2.18-2.24 (2H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.35-3.52 (4H, m), 3.37-3.65 (1H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.83 (1H, quint, J=5.9 Hz), 5.35-5.44 (1H, m), 5.52-5.61 (1H, m).

Example 53 (20,23R)-2-Methyl-9-octadecyl-7-oxo-6,8,11-trioxa-2-azanonacos-20-en-23-yl acetate

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl 1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosan-2-yl carbonate (0.16 g, 0.23 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 81 and pyridine (0.36 g, 4.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.3 mL), acetyl chloride (0.18 g, 2.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (121 mg, 70%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.91 (6H, m), 1.22-1.38 (50H, m), 1.49-1.65 (6H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.97-2.06 (5H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.25-2.32 (2H, m), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 3.35-3.53 (4H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.79-4.91 (2H, m), 5.28-5.36 (1H, m), 5.43-5.51 (1H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 752 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 752.6802 (3.4 mDa).

Reference Example 82 (11Z,14Z)-1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosa-11,14-dien-2-ol

To a solution of {[(9Z,12R)-12-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}acetaldehyde (0.40 g, 0.97 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 78 in tetrahydrofuran (2.9 mL), 0.5 N linoleyl magnesium bromide (2.9 mL, 1.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a yellow liquid (0.37 g, 57%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.23-1.87 (48H, m), 1.98-2.40 (9H, m), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.23 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 9.4 Hz), 3.39-3.52 (4H, m), 3.58-3.71 (1H, m), 3.73-3.80 (1H, m), 3.87-3.97 (1H, m), 4.64-4.74 (1H, m), 5.29-5.49 (6H, m).

Reference Example 83 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14Z)-1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosa-11,14-dien-2-yl carbonate

A solution of (11Z,14Z)-1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosa-11,14-dien-2-ol (0.37 g, 0.56 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 82 and pyridine (0.28 g, 3.5 mmol) in toluene (5.6 mL) was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath, and a solution of triphosgene (0.11 g, 0.39 mmol) in toluene (0.84 mL) was added thereto over 1 minute. After stirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and cooled to 0° C. again. 3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol (0.61 g, 5.9 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.33 g, 75%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.23-1.75 (48H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.98-2.40 (8H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 3.35-3.53 (5H, m), 3.58-3.71 (1H, m), 3.87-3.97 (1H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.64-4.74 (1H, m), 4.80-4.87 (1H, m), 5.29-5.48 (6H, m).

Reference Example 84 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14Z)-1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosa-11,14-dien-2-yl carbonate

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14Z)-1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)octadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosa-11,14-dien-2-yl carbonate (0.33 g, 0.42 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 83 in ethanol (4.2 mL), a 2 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (2.1 mL, 4.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane-ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.29 g, 98%).

Example 54 (20,23R)-2-Methyl-9-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl]-7-oxo-6,8,11-trioxa-2-azanonacos-20-en-23-yl acetate

To a solution of 3-(dimethylamino)propyl (11Z,14Z)-1-{[(9Z,12R)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-en-1-yl]oxy}icosa-11,14-dien-2-yl carbonate (0.51 g, 0.72 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 84 and pyridine (1.1 g, 14 mmol) in dichloromethane (7.2 mL), acetyl chloride (0.57 g, 7.2 mmol) was added, and the mixture was reacted overnight at room temperature. After treatment with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction with hexane, and the obtained organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain the compound of interest as a colorless liquid (0.42 g, 78%).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.85-0.92 (6H, m), 1.23-1.40 (36H, m), 1.49-1.65 (6H, m), 1.84 (2H, tt, J=6.6, 7.4 Hz), 1.98-2.08 (9H, m), 2.22 (6H, s), 2.25-2.32 (2H, m), 2.36 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.77 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.35-3.53 (4H, m), 4.18 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.80-4.91 (2H, m), 5.28-5.51 (6H, m).

MS (ESI+) m/z 748 [M+H]⁺

HRMS (ESI+) m/z 748.6476 (2.1 mDa).

Example 55 Characterization of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

A dispersion of a nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound described in Reference Example 2, Example 41, Example 42, or Example 43 was obtained in the same way as in Example 31. The obtained nucleic acid lipid particle-containing dispersion was characterized by the following methods.

(1) Average Particle Size

The particle size of the liposome was measured using Zeta Potential/Particle Sizer NICOMP™ 380ZLS (Particle Sizing Systems, LLC). In the tables, the average particle size is indicated by a volume-average particle size, and the numeric value following ± represents a deviation.

(2) Rate of Encapsulation of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide

The rate of encapsulation of the double-stranded polynucleotide was measured using Quant-iT RiboGreen RNA Assay kit (Invitrogen Corp.) according to the attached document.

Specifically, the double-stranded polynucleotide in the nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was quantified in the presence and absence of a 0.015% Triton X-100 detergent, and the rate of encapsulation was calculated according to the following expression:

{[Amount of the double-stranded polynucleotide in the presence of the detergent]−[Amount of the double-stranded polynucleotide in the absence of the detergent]}/[Amount of the double-stranded polynucleotide in the presence of the detergent]}×100 (%)

(3) Ratio of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide to Lipid

The amount of the double-stranded polynucleotide in a sample from the nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was measured in the presence of a 5% Triton X-100 detergent by ion-exchange chromatography (system: Agilent 1100 series, column: DNAPac PA200 (4×250 mm) (Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.), buffer A: 10 mM Tris, 25 mM sodium perchlorate, and 20% ethanol, pH 7.0, buffer B: 10 mM Tris, 250 mM sodium perchlorate, and 20% ethanol, pH 7.0, gradient (B%): 20-70% (0-15 min), flow rate: 0.5 mL/min, temperature: 40° C., detection: 260 nm).

The amount of the phospholipid in the nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was measured using Phospholipid C-Test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) according to the attached document. Specifically, the phospholipid in the sample was quantified in the presence of a 1% Triton X-100 detergent.

The amounts of cholesterol and LP in the nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion were measured by reverse-phase chromatography (system: Agilent 1100 series, column: Chromolith Performance RP-18 endcapped 100-3 monolithic HPLC-column (Merck), buffer A: 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, buffer B: 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid and methanol, gradient (B %): 82-92% (0-10 min), flow rate: 2 mL/min, temperature: 50° C., detection: 205 nm).

The total amount of lipids was calculated from the amount of the phospholipid, the amount of cholesterol, and the amount of LP, and the compositional ratio of lipid components constituting the liposome, and the ratio of the polynucleotide to the lipid was calculated from the aforementioned amount of the polynucleotide and the total amount of lipids according to the following expression:

[Double-stranded polynucleotide concentration]/[Total lipid concentration] (wt/wt)

The results are shown in Table 16.

TABLE 16 Ratio of Rate of polynucleotide to Average polynucleotide lipid particle size LP name encapsulation (%) siRNA/lipid (wt/wt) (nm) Reference 94 0.055 165 ± 11 Example 2 Example 41 97 0.101 158 ± 40 Example 42 97 0.077 188 ± 45 Example 43 97 0.075 174 ± 31

These results showed that the double-stranded polynucleotide was encapsulated in the lipid particle, and this nucleic acid lipid particle had an average particle size of approximately 100 nm to approximately 200 nm.

Test Example 8

By the same procedures as in Test Example 3, SW480 cells were treated with 50 nM, 5 nM, 0.5 nM, and 0.05 nM each of nucleic acid lipid particles each prepared using a novel lipid, and the strength of human β-catenin gene expression inhibitory activity was compared among these particles.

As a result, as shown in Table 17, the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound of Example 41, 42, or 43 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against β-catenin gene expression, as compared with the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the lipid of Reference Example 2 used as a control. These results demonstrated that the compound of Example 8 is a novel lipid useful for preparing nucleic acid lipid particles that exhibit strong activity.

TABLE 17 β-catenin gene expression inhibitory activity IC50 (nM) Reference Example 2 >50 Example 41 2.6 Example 42 6.0 Example 43 24

Example 56 Characterization of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

A lipid solution having a total lipid concentration of 26.8 mM in ethanol with distearoylphosphatidylcholine (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: hereinafter, referred to as DSPC, NOF CORPORATION), cholesterol (hereinafter, referred to as Chol, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.), the compound described in Example 23 or 28 (hereinafter, referred to as LP), and N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (hereinafter, referred to as PEG-C-DMA) were prepared at a molar ratio of DSPC:Chol:LP:PEG-C-DMA=10:48:40:2.

The concentration of a double-stranded polynucleotide described in Nature Biotechnology (2008) 26, 561-569 (siFVII: siRNA against mouse Factor VII) was adjusted to 1 mg/mL with a citrate buffer solution (10 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) containing 30% ethanol to obtain a double-stranded polynucleotide solution.

The lipid solution, the double-stranded polynucleotide solution, and a citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) were heated to 37° C. The lipid solution was added dropwise to the citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) and mixed therewith such that the volume ratio between the lipid solution and the citrate buffer solution was 3:7 to obtain a crude liposome dispersion. Subsequently, the crude liposome dispersion was added dropwise to the double-stranded polynucleotide solution and mixed therewith such that the ratio (N/P) of LP-derived nitrogen atoms (N) to double-stranded polynucleotide-derived phosphorus atoms (P) was 3. The mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion. The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was dialyzed against approximately 100 mL of a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) for 12 to 18 hours (Float-A-Lyzer G2, MWCO: 100 kD, Spectra/Por) for the removal of ethanol and the removal of unencapsulated double-stranded polynucleotides by neutralization to obtain a purified dispersion of a nucleic acid lipid particle containing the double-stranded polynucleotide and the compound described in Example 23 or 28.

The obtained nucleic acid lipid particle was characterized by the methods described in Example 55, and the rate of polynucleotide encapsulation in the nucleic acid lipid particle, the weight ratio of the polynucleotide to the lipid, and the average particle size are shown in Table 18.

TABLE 18 Ratio of Rate of polynucleotide to Average polynucleotide lipid particle size LP name encapsulation (%) siRNA/lipid (wt/wt) (nm) Example 23 99 0.076 219 ± 49 Example 28 97 0.083 177 ± 36

These results showed that the double-stranded polynucleotide was encapsulated in the lipid particle, and this nucleic acid lipid particle had an average particle size of approximately 100 nm to approximately 300 nm.

Test Example 9 Factor VII (FVII) Protein Measurement

By the same procedures as in Test Example 7, the strength of Factor VII protein expression inhibitory activity was compared among nucleic acid lipid particles each prepared using a novel lipid. The prepared nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was intravenously injected at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg to the tail of each mouse. One day and 6 days after the administration, approximately 50 μL of blood was collected from the tail vein, and plasma was obtained.

The results obtained 1 day and 6 days after the administration are each shown in Table 19. As a result, the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound of Example 23 or 28 exhibited strong FVII inhibitory activity. These results demonstrated that the nucleic acid lipid particle having the compound of Example 23 or 28 is useful as a nucleic acid lipid particle capable of inhibiting gene expression.

TABLE 19 Relative amount of FVII (%) 1 day later 6 days later PBS 100 100 Example 23 21 32 Example 28 45 57

Example 57 Characterization of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

A lipid solution having a total lipid concentration of 6.5 mM in ethanol with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: hereinafter, referred to as DPPC, NOF CORPORATION), cholesterol (hereinafter, referred to as Chol, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.), the compound described in Example 19, 45, or 54 (hereinafter, referred to as LP), and N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-distearoyloxypropyl-3-amine (hereinafter, referred to as PEG-C-DSA) were prepared at a molar ratio of DPPC:Chol:LP:PEG-C-DSA=7:33.5:57:2.5.

The concentration of a double-stranded polynucleotide described in Journal Clinical Investigation (2009) 119, 661-673 (PLK1424-2/A: siRNA against mouse PLK1) was adjusted to 1 mg/mL with a citrate buffer solution (10 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) containing 30% ethanol to obtain a double-stranded polynucleotide solution.

The lipid solution, the double-stranded polynucleotide solution, and a citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) were heated to 37° C. The lipid solution was added dropwise to the citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) and mixed therewith such that the volume ratio between the lipid solution and the citrate buffer solution was 3:7 to obtain a crude liposome dispersion. Subsequently, the crude liposome dispersion was added dropwise to the double-stranded polynucleotide solution and mixed therewith such that the ratio (N/P) of LP-derived nitrogen atoms (N) to double-stranded polynucleotide-derived phosphorus atoms (P) was 3. The mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion. The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was dialyzed against approximately 100 mL of a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) for 12 to 18 hours (Float-A-Lyzer G2, MWCO: 100 kD, Spectra/Por) for the removal of ethanol and the removal of unencapsulated double-stranded polynucleotides by neutralization to obtain a purified dispersion of a nucleic acid lipid particle containing the double-stranded polynucleotide and the compound described in Example 19, 45, or 54.

The obtained nucleic acid lipid particle was characterized by the methods described in Example 55, and the rate of polynucleotide encapsulation in the nucleic acid lipid particle, the weight ratio of the polynucleotide to the lipid, and the average particle size are shown in Table 20.

TABLE 20 Ratio of Rate of polynucleotide to Average polynucleotide lipid particle size LP name encapsulation (%) siRNA/lipid (wt/wt) (nm) Example 19 97 0.095 103 ± 16 Example 45 96 0.093 100 ± 27 Example 54 98 0.078 127 ± 29

These results showed that the double-stranded polynucleotide was encapsulated in the lipid particle, and this nucleic acid lipid particle had an average particle size of approximately 50 nm to approximately 150 nm.

Test Example 10

After acclimatization and raising of each nude mouse (CAnN.Cg-Foxn1[nu]/Cr1Cr1j[Foxn1nu/Foxn1nu]) for 8 days, cultured human Hep3B cells (1×10⁷ cells/mouse) were subcutaneously transplanted to the right lateral region of the mouse. 19 days after the tumor transplantation, the mice were grouped with the tumor volume as an index, and, on the next day, the nucleic acid lipid particle-containing dispersion prepared in Example 57 was intravenously administered (administered at doses of 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) to the tail of each mouse. PBS was administered to a control group. On the day after the administration of the nucleic acid lipid particle, a tumor mass was collected from the cancer-bearing mouse, and a nucleic acid was extracted using QIAzol Lysis Reagent (manufactured by Qiagen N.V.) and chloroform. Then, total RNA was purified using QIAGNE RNeasy Plus Mini kit (manufactured by Qiagen N.V.) according to the attached protocol.

16 μL of the purified RNA and 4 μL of SuperScript VILO Master mix (Life Technologies, Inc.) were mixed and used in RT reaction under conditions given below.

-   -   RT reaction: 25° C. for 10 min     -   42° C. for 60 min     -   85° C. for 5 min.

The probes for real-time PCR used were TaqMan(R) Gene Expression Assays (PLK-1, FAM probe, Hs00153444_m1, manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) as a human PLK-1 gene probe and TaqMan(R) Gene Expression Assays (VIC probe, Hs99999905_m1, manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) as a human GAPDH gene probe as an internal standard. 5 μL of TaqMan(R) Fast Advanced Master Mix, 2.66 μL of RNase-Free Water, 0.17 μL of each gene probe, and 2 μL of the prepared cDNA solution were added per well of a 384-well PCR plate (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) to bring the total amount to 10 μL, which was then loaded in ViiA™ 7 Real-time PCR system (manufactured by Applied Biosystems, Inc.) and subjected to PCR under conditions given below. The real-time PCR was carried out at N=4 for the prepared cDNA.

PCR initial activation: 95° C. for 20 seconds

-   -   PCR: 95° C. for 1 second     -   62° C. for 20 seconds

This PCR cycle was repetitively performed 40 times.

The quantitative analysis was conducted by the ΔΔCt method. A value (ΔΔCt) was determined by subtracting ΔCt of the PBS administration group from the difference in Ct value (ΔCt) between human PLK-1 and human GAPDH in the administration group of each nucleic acid lipid particle, and a relative value (RQ) to the PBS administration group, RQmax, and RQmin were calculated according to the following expressions:

RQ=2^(−ΔΔCt)

RQmax=2^(−95% CI of ΔΔCt) (95% CI of ΔΔCt: the maximum value of 95% confidence interval of ΔΔCt)

RQmin=2^(−95% CI of ΔΔCt) (95% CI of ΔΔCt: the minimum value of 95% confidence interval of ΔΔCt)

(CI: Confidence Interval)

The results are shown in FIG. 5. In the diagram, error bars were calculated according to the following expression:

+error bars: RQmax−RQ, −error bars: RQ−RQmin)

As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the nucleic acid lipid particle having the compound of Example 19, 45, or 54 exhibited strong PLK-1 expression inhibitory activity in tumor. These results demonstrated that the nucleic acid lipid particle having the compound of Example 19, 45, or 54 is useful as a nucleic acid lipid particle capable of inhibiting gene expression.

Example 58 Preparation of mRNA-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

Distearoylphosphatidylcholine (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: hereinafter, referred to as DSPC, NOF CORPORATION), cholesterol (hereinafter, referred to as Chol, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.), the compound described in Example 8 (hereinafter, referred to as LP), and N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (hereinafter, referred to as PEG-C-DMA) were dissolved at a molar ratio of DSPC:Chol:LP:PEG-C-DMA=10:48:40:2 in ethanol to give a total lipid concentration of 10 mM. The obtained lipid solution was added dropwise to a citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) and mixed therewith such that the volume ratio between the lipid solution and the citrate buffer solution was 3:7 to obtain a crude dispersion of a lipid particle.

On the other hand, the concentration of mCherry mRNA (5meC, Ψ) (hereinafter, referred to as mCherry mRNA, Catalog No.: L-6113, TriLink BioTechnologies, Inc.) or firefly luciferase mRNA (5meC, Ψ) (hereinafter, referred to as FLuc mRNA, Catalog No.: L-6107, TriLink BioTechnologies, Inc.) was adjusted to 0.1 mg/mL with a citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) containing 30% ethanol.

Subsequently, 790 μL of the crude lipid particle dispersion and 350 μL of the mRNA solution were mixed such that the ratio (N/P) of the number of LP molecules (N) to the number of mRNA-derived phosphorus atoms (P) was N/P molar ratio=9.0. The mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion. The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was dialyzed against approximately 100 mL of a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) for 12 to 18 hours (Float-A-Lyzer G2, MWCO: 100 kD, Spectra/Por) for the removal of ethanol to obtain a purified dispersion of an mRNA-encapsulated nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound described in Example 8.

Example 59 Characterization of mRNA-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

The nucleic acid lipid particle-containing dispersion prepared in Example 58 was characterized. Each characterization method will be described.

(1) Average Particle Size

The particle size of the liposome was measured using Zeta Potential/Particle Sizer NICOMP™ 380ZLS (Particle Sizing Systems, LLC). In the tables, the average particle size is indicated by a volume-average particle size, and the numeric value following ± represents a deviation.

(2) Rate of Encapsulation of mRNA

The rate of encapsulation of the mRNA was measured using Quant-iT RiboGreen RNA Assay kit (Invitrogen Corp.) according to the attached document.

Specifically, the mRNA in the nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was quantified in the presence and absence of a 0.015% Triton X-100 detergent, and the rate of encapsulation was calculated according to the following expression:

{[Amount of the mRNA in the presence of the detergent]−[Amount of the mRNA in the absence of the detergent]}/[Amount of the mRNA in the presence of the detergent]}×100 (%)

(3) Ratio of mRNA to Lipid

The amount of the phospholipid in the nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was measured using Phospholipid C-Test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) according to the attached document. Specifically, the phospholipid in the sample was quantified in the presence of a 1% Triton X-100 detergent.

The amounts of cholesterol and LP in the nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion were measured by reverse-phase chromatography (system: Agilent 1100 series, column: Chromolith Performance RP-18 endcapped 100-3 monolithic HPLC-column (Merck), buffer A: 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, buffer B: 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid and methanol, gradient (B %): 82-92% (0-10 min), flow rate: 2 mL/min, temperature: 50° C., detection: 205 nm).

The total amount of lipids was calculated from the amount of the phospholipid, the amount of cholesterol, and the amount of LP, and the compositional ratio of lipid components constituting the liposome, and the ratio of the mRNA to the lipid was calculated from the “amount of the mRNA in the presence of the detergent” of the preceding paragraph (2) according to the following expression:

[mRNA concentration in the presence of the detergent]/[Total lipid concentration] (wt/wt)

The results are shown in Table 21.

TABLE 21 Ratio of mRNA to Rate of lipid encapsulation of mRNA/lipid Average particle mRNA mRNA (%) (wt/wt) size (nm) mCherry 98 0.037 151 ± 71 FLuc 98 0.038 145 ± 56

These results showed that the mRNA was encapsulated in the lipid particle, and this nucleic acid lipid particle had an average particle size of approximately 100 nm to approximately 200 nm.

Test Example 11

As described below, the expression of mCherry was measured using a nucleic acid lipid particle prepared using a novel lipid.

(1) Transfection

The concentration of a human hepatocellular carcinoma HuH-7 cell line was adjusted to 10,000 cells/mL in a DMEM medium (manufactured by Invitrogen Corp.) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (culture medium). Then, the resulting culture solution was inoculated at 100 μL/well to a 96-well flat-bottomed plate (manufactured by Corning Inc./Falcon) and cultured at 37° C. for 1 day under 5.0% CO₂. The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion prepared in Example 58 was diluted with a culture medium to prepare dilution series having final mRNA concentrations of 2, 0.4, and 0.08 μg/mL in the medium. Then, each dilution was added to the cells after removal of the culture supernatant, and the culture was further continued. This operation was performed at N=3 for each concentration. A control group was cultured in only a culture medium.

(2) Fluorescent Observation of mCherry

One day after the transfection, the culture medium was removed, and 100 μL of 10 N Mildform (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was added to each well and left at room temperature for 10 minutes in the dark. After washing off of 10 N Mildform with DPBS (Dulbecco's PBS, Life Technologies, Inc.), 50 μL of Hoechst 33342, trihydrochloride, trihydrate (manufactured by Invitrogen Corp.) concentration-adjusted to 20 μg/mL with DPBS was added to each well and left at room temperature for 1 hour in the dark. After replacement with DPBS, the fluorescence was observed using IN Cell Analyzer 6000 (GE Healthcare Japan Corp.). The measurement conditions were as follows: Hoechst; excitation avelength: 405 nm, detection wavelength: 455 nm/50 nm (filter central wavelength/band width), and mCherry; excitation wavelength: 561 nm, detection wavelength: 605 nm/52 nm (filter central wavelength/band width).

The results are shown in FIG. 6. The upper boxes of this diagram depict images of nuclei stained with Hoechst, and the lower boxes depict images of mCherry. The nucleic acid lipid particle having the compound of Example 8 was found to promote the expression of mCherry. These results demonstrated that the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound of Example 8 is useful as a nucleic acid lipid particle capable of promoting the expression of mRNA.

(3) Measurement of Expression Level of Luciferase

Six hours after the transfection, the expression level of luciferase was measured using Luciferase reporter Gene Assay, high sensitivity (manufactured by F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd.) according to the attached document. An average value of relative luminescent units (RLU) at N=3 is shown in Table 22.

TABLE 22 mRNA concentration (μg/mL) RLU (1 × 10⁵) 0 0 0.08 0.7 0.4 2.7 2.0 3.7

As a result, the nucleic acid lipid particle having the compound of Example 8 was found to promote the expression of FLuc. These results demonstrated that the nucleic acid lipid particle containing the compound of Example 8 is useful as a nucleic acid lipid particle capable of promoting the expression of mRNA.

Example 60 Preparation of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

Distearoylphosphatidylcholine (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: hereinafter, referred to as DSPC, NOF CORPORATION), cholesterol (hereinafter, referred to as Chol, Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.), the compound described in Example 8 (hereinafter, referred to as LP), and N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (hereinafter, referred to as PEG-C-DMA) were prepared at a molar ratio of DSPC:Chol:LP:PEG-C-DMA=10:48:40:2 into a lipid solution having a total lipid concentration of 26.8 mM in ethanol.

The concentration of a double-stranded polynucleotide described in Nature Biotechnology (2008) 26, 561-569 (siFVII: siRNA against mouse Factor VII) was adjusted to 1 mg/mL with a citrate buffer solution (10 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) containing 30% ethanol to obtain a double-stranded polynucleotide solution.

The lipid solution, the double-stranded polynucleotide solution, and a citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) were heated to 37° C. The lipid solution was added dropwise to the citrate buffer solution (20 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.0) and mixed therewith such that the volume ratio between the lipid solution and the citrate buffer solution was 3:7 to obtain a crude liposome dispersion. Subsequently, the crude liposome dispersion was added dropwise to the double-stranded polynucleotide solution and mixed therewith such that the ratio (N/P) of the number of LP molecules (N) to the number of double-stranded polynucleotide-derived phosphorus atoms (P) was a molar ratio described in Table 23. The mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion. The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion was dialyzed against approximately 100 mL of a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) for 12 to 18 hours (Float-A-Lyzer G2, MWCO: 100 kD, Spectra/Por) for the removal of ethanol and the removal of unencapsulated double-stranded polynucleotides by neutralization to obtain a purified dispersion of a nucleic acid lipid particle containing the double-stranded polynucleotide and the lipid described in Example 8.

TABLE 23 N/P ratio Particle 28 2.0 Particle 29 2.5 Particle 30 3.0 Particle 31 3.5 Particle 32 4.0 Particle 33 4.5 Particle 34 5.0 Particle 35 6.0

Example 61 Characterization of Double-Stranded Polynucleotide-Encapsulated Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle

The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion prepared in Example 60 was characterized. The characterization was conducted by the methods described in Example 32, and the rate of polynucleotide encapsulation in the nucleic acid lipid particle described in Example 60, the weight ratio of the polynucleotide to the lipid, and the average particle size are shown in Table 24.

TABLE 24 Rate of encapsulation siRNA/lipid Particle size N/P ratio* (%) (wt/wt)** (nm) Particle 28 2.0 96 0.128 126 ± 40 Particle 29 2.5 97 0.099 134 ± 9 Particle 30 3.0 97 0.085 139 ± 50 Particle 31 3.5 98 0.066 147 ± 39 Particle 32 4.0 98 0.063 142 ± 43 Particle 33 4.5 98 0.057 141 ± 23 Particle 34 5.0 99 0.051 137 ± 26 Particle 35 6.0 99 0.037 151 ± 38 *N/P ratio: ratio of the number of molecules of LP (N) to the number of phosphorus atoms derived from double-stranded polynucleotide (P) **siRNA/lipid (wt/wt): weight ratio of polynucleotide to lipid

These results showed that the double-stranded polynucleotide was encapsulated in the lipid particle, and this nucleic acid lipid particle had an average particle size of approximately 100 nm to approximately 200 nm.

Test Example 12 Factor VII (FVII) Protein Measurement

The Factor VII protein was measured according to a method described in Nature Biotechnology (2010) 28, 172-176. C57BL6/J mice (male, 9 weeks old) were randomly grouped (n=4). The nucleic acid lipid particle dispersion prepared in Example 60 was intravenously injected at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg to the tail of each mouse. One day after the administration, approximately 50 μL of blood was collected from the tail vein, and plasma was obtained. The amount of the Factor VII protein in the obtained plasma was measured using Biophen FVII assay kit (manufactured by Aniara Corp.) according to the attached protocol.

When the amount of FVII of respective plasma samples collected in equal amounts from individuals in a PBS administration group was defined as 100%, the relative ratio (%) of the amount of FVII in a plasma sample of each individual was used as a measurement value (A). An average value (B) was determined from the respective measurement values of the individuals in the PBS administration group. The relative ratio of the measurement value (A) of each individual was determined from the expression: A/B×100 (%). The average value of the relative ratios in the administration group of each nucleic acid lipid particle is shown in Table 25. As a result, as shown in Table 25, particles 28 to 35 as the nucleic acid lipid particles prepared in Example 60 exhibited strong FVII inhibitory activity. These results demonstrated that a nucleic acid lipid particle having lipid composition as found in particles 28 to 35 is useful as a nucleic acid lipid particle capable of inhibiting gene expression.

TABLE 25 Relative amount of FVII (%) PBS 100 Particle 28 38 Particle 29 11 Particle 30 <10 Particle 31 <10 Particle 32 31 Particle 33 <10 Particle 34 <10 Particle 35 <10

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention may provide a novel cationic lipid that forms a lipid particle in combination with an amphipathic lipid, a sterol, and a lipid reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation.

The present invention may also provide a lipid particle comprising the cationic lipid.

The present invention may further provide a nucleic acid lipid particle comprising the lipid particle and further a nucleic acid. The nucleic acid lipid particle of the present invention can be used in a pharmaceutical composition.

Free Text of Sequence Listing

-   SEQ ID NO: 1: CT-169 -   SEQ ID NO: 2: CT-157 -   SEQ ID NO: 3: CT-103 -   SEQ ID NO: 4: CT-292 -   SEQ ID NO: 5: CT-315 -   SEQ ID NO: 6: CT-387 -   SEQ ID NO: 7: Sense strand region of CT-454 -   SEQ ID NO: 8: Antisense strand region of CT-454 -   SEQ ID NO: 9: Sense strand region of HS-005 -   SEQ ID NO: 10: Antisense strand region of HS-005 -   SEQ ID NO: 11: Sense strand region of HS-006 -   SEQ ID NO: 12: Antisense strand region of HS-006 -   SEQ ID NO: 13: Sense strand region of HS-005s -   SEQ ID NO: 14: Antisense strand region of HS-005s -   SEQ ID NO: 15: Sense strand region of HS-006s -   SEQ ID NO: 16: Antisense strand region of HS-006s 

1. A lipid of formula (Ia):

or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ and R² are each independently a C₁-C₆ alkyl group; R⁸ is a hydrogen atom; L¹ is a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl group optionally substituted with a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group or a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl group optionally substituted with a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group; L² is, independently of L¹, a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkyl group optionally substituted with a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group or a C₁₀-C₂₄ alkenyl group optionally substituted with a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group; m is 0; p is 0, 1, or 2; and r is 0, 1, 2, or 3, provided that p+r is 2 or larger.
 2. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹ and R² are each independently a C₁-C₃ alkyl group.
 3. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein both R¹ and R² are methyl groups.
 4. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is a C₁-C₃ alkyl group.
 5. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is a methyl group.
 6. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L¹ is a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted with a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group or a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted with a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group.
 7. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L¹ is a heptadecenyl group, an octadecenyl group, a nonadecenyl group, a heptadecadienyl group, an octadecadienyl group, a nonadecadienyl group, a heptadecatrienyl group, an octadecatrienyl group, or a nonadecatrienyl group optionally substituted with a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group.
 8. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L¹ is a (R)-11-acetyloxy-cis-8-heptadecenyl group, a cis-9-octadecenyl group (oleyl group), a cis-8,11-heptadecadienyl group, a cis-9,12-octadecadienyl group (linoleyl group), a cis-10,13-nonadecadienyl group, or a cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienyl group (linolenyl group).
 9. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L² is a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted with a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group or a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted with a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group.
 10. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L² is a decyl group, a decenyl group, an undecyl group, an undecenyl group, a dodecyl group, a dodecenyl group, a decadienyl group, an undecadienyl group, a dodecadienyl group, a heptadecadienyl group, an octadecadienyl group, a nonadecadienyl group, a heptadecatrienyl group, an octadecatrienyl group, a nonadecatrienyl group, optionally substituted with a C₁-C₇ alkanoyloxy group.
 11. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L² is a decyl group, a cis-7-decenyl group, a (R)-11-acetyloxy-cis-8-heptadecenyl group, a cis-9-octadecenyl group (oleyl group), a cis-8,11-heptadecadienyl group, a cis-9,12-octadecadienyl group (linoleyl group), a cis-10,13-nonadecadienyl group, a cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienyl group (linoleyl group).
 12. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein both R¹ and R² are methyl groups; L¹ is a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group; L² is a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group; and p+r is2.
 13. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is a methyl group; L¹ is a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group; L² is a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group; p is 2; and r is
 0. 14. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is a methyl group; L¹ is a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group; L² is a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group; p is 1; and r is
 1. 15. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R² is a methyl group; L¹ is a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₇-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group; L² is a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group, or a C₁₀-C₁₉ alkenyl group optionally substituted with one acetyloxy group; p is 0; and r is2.
 16. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the lipid has the formula:


17. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the lipid has the formula:


18. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the lipid has the formula:


19. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the lipid has the formula:


20. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the lipid has the formula:


21. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the lipid has the formula:


22. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the lipid has the formula:


23. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the lipid has the formula:


24. The lipid of claim 1 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the lipid has the formula:


25. A lipid particle comprising the lipid of claim
 1. 26. The lipid particle of claim 25, further comprising a lipid capable of reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation.
 27. The lipid particle of claim 26, wherein the lipid capable of reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation is a PEG-lipid.
 28. The lipid particle of claim 27, wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DMA), or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol.
 29. The lipid particle of claim 27, wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DMA).
 30. The lipid particle of claim 27, wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dipalmityloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DPA), or 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol.
 31. The lipid particle of claim 27, wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-dipalmityloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DPA).
 32. The lipid particle of claim 27, wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-distearyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DSA), or 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycerol methoxypolyethylene glycol.
 33. The lipid particle of claim 27, wherein the PEG-lipid is N-[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000]carbamoyl]-1,2-distearyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-C-DSA).
 34. The lipid particle of claim 27, wherein the PEG-lipid has a molecular weight of 1,000 to 5,000.
 35. The lipid particle of claim 27, wherein the PEG-lipid has a molecular weight of 1,800 to 2,200.
 36. The lipid particle of claim 25, further comprising a sterol.
 37. The lipid particle of claim 36, wherein the sterol is cholesterol.
 38. The lipid particle of claim 36, further comprising an amphipathic lipid.
 39. The lipid particle of claim 38, wherein the amphipathic lipid is selected from distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and sphingomyelin (SM).
 40. The lipid particle of claim 38, wherein the amphipathic lipid is distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC).
 41. The lipid particle of claim 38, wherein the lipid composition of the amphipathic lipid, the sterol, the lipid, and the lipid capable of reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation is 25% or less of the amphipathic lipid, 15% or more of the sterol, 20% to 70% of the lipid, and 1% to 10% of the lipid capable of reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation, in terms of molar quantity.
 42. The lipid particle of claim 38, wherein the lipid composition of the amphipathic lipid, the sterol, the lipid, and the lipid capable of reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation is 15% or less of the amphipathic lipid, 32% or more of the sterol, 45% to 65% of the lipid, and 1.5% to 3% of the lipid capable of reducing aggregation during lipid particle formation, in terms of molar quantity.
 43. A lipid particle comprising the lipid particle of claim 25 and a nucleic acid.
 44. The lipid particle of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid is selected from the group consisting of a single-stranded DNA, a single-stranded RNA, a single-stranded polynucleotide of a DNA and an RNA mixed with each other, a double-stranded DNA, a double-stranded RNA, a DNA-RNA hybrid polynucleotide, and two polynucleotides of a DNA and an RNA mixed with each other.
 45. The lipid particle of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid is a single-stranded or double-stranded polynucleotide having an RNA interference effect.
 46. The lipid particle of claim 43, wherein the nucleic acid is a single-straned RNA.
 47. The lipid particle of claim 43, wherein the ratio of the number of molecules of the lipid to the number of phosphorus atoms derived from the nucleic acid is 2.0 to 9.0.
 48. The lipid particle of claim 43, wherein the ratio of the number of molecules of the lipid to the number of phosphorus atoms derived from the nucleic acid is 3.0 to 9.0.
 49. The lipid particle of claim 43, wherein the average particle size is approximately 30 nm to approximately 300 nm.
 50. The lipid particle of claim 43, wherein the average particle size is approximately 30 nm to approximately 200 nm.
 51. The lipid particle of claim 43, wherein the average particle size is approximately 30 nm to approximately 100 nm.
 52. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the nucleic acid lipid particle of claim 43 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 53. A method of inhibiting the expression of a target gene, comprising administering the nucleic acid lipid particle of claim 43 to a mammal.
 54. A method of treating a disease derived from the expression of a target gene, comprising administering the nucleic acid lipid particle of claim 43 to a mammal.
 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the disease derived from the expression of a target gene is cancer.
 56. The method of claim 54, wherein the disease derived from the expression of a target gene is cancer, liver disease, gallbladder disease, fibrosis, anemia, or genetic disease. 